Table 1.
Means and SDs of Psychological and pain related variables among High Pain Expectancy (HPE) group, Low Pain Expectancy (LPE) group and Control group.
| High pain expectancy group | Low pain expectancy group | Control group | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anticipated pain∗ | 54.85 (28.49) | 49.22 (28.43) | – |
| Perceived pain∗∗ | 22.92 (25.00) | 11.40 (19.01) | – |
| Depression | 20.01 (15.67) | 24.56 (14.43) | 17.73 (13.63) |
| Anxiety | 10.15 (7.67) | 13.01 (7.34) | 8.9 (7.05) |
| Stress | 16.4 (9.09) | 17.96 (8.33) | 14.16 (8.0) |
| Fear of pain | 83.83 (19.45) | 83.11 (18.88) | 79.53 (19.27) |
| Fear of dental pain | 54.38 (15.62) | 54.85 (15.33) | 47.86 (16.27) |
∗Patients anticipation of the pain that they may experience during the treatment-reported before the treatment. ∗∗Patients perception of the pain that they perceived during the treatment-reported after the treatment.