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. 2018 May 23;12:140. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00140

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Copyright © 2018 Funahashi, Tanaka and Hirano.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Formation of active-zone-like membranes (AZLMs) on neuroligin-coated glass. (A) Schematic presentation of AZLM formation on a cover glass coated with neuroligin. (B) AZLMs and normal active zones observed with an epi-fluorescence (Epi) or total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) condition. White rectangular area in the left image was magnified in the right top. Green and magenta show EGFP and cytomatrix at the active zone-associated structural protein (CAST)-RFP signals, respectively. (C) Co-localization of CAST-RFP (magenta) with Bassoon, Piccolo, Munc13 or RIM (green). (D) GCaMP6f signal increase around an AZLM marked with CAST-RFP (left magenta). The right graph shows the time course of change of GCaMP signal intensity. Electrical stimulation (100 Hz, 5 pulses) was applied at 0 ms.