FIG 3.

VZV rOka induces only a small degree of apoptosis in HaCaT cells. (A) HaCaT cells (5 × 10⁵) were infected with either CTV-labeled VZV rOka inoculum or CTV-labeled mock inoculum at a ratio of 1:5 in a 6-well plate (Costar). Cells were collected at days 2, 3, and 5 p.i.; stained for VZV gEgI and CC3 and LIVE/DEAD stained to identify apoptotic cells; and analyzed by flow cytometry. The flow cytometry plots are representative of three biological replicates. (B to E) Percentages of cells undergoing other cell death (B), late apoptosis (C), or early apoptosis (E) or that were alive (D) over the time course after infection. The graphs are representative of the collation of three biological replicates. The error bars show SEM. Statistical significance was established by a 2-way ANOVA using Tukey's multiple-comparison test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.