Table 4.
One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test with FDR correction and effect sizes for metabolites relative to SED after HIIT and MICT protocols.
| Metabolite | Shift (ppm) | SED (n = 10) | MICT (n = 12) | HIIT (n = 12) | MICT vs. SED | HIIT vs. SED | HIIT vs. MICT | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| %changed | P | ES | %changed | P | ES | %changed | P | ES | |||||
| Glucose | 3.22 | 0.052 ± 0.004 | 0.046 ± 0.004 | 0.047 ± 0.005 | −13 | 0.002 | −1.57 | −13 | 0.024 | •1.15 | 1.00 | 1.058 | 0.23 |
| Lactate | 4.1 | 0.074 ± 0.015 | 0.091 ± 00.027 | 0.086 ± 00.032 | 23 | 0.164 | 0.80 | 16 | 0.383 | 0.49 | 0.95 | 2.790 | −0.18 |
| Lysine | 2.98 | 0.004 ± 0.0008 | 0.0053 ± 0.0006 | 0.0052 ± 0.0006 | 32 | 0.022 | 1.96 | 31 | 0.004 | 1.81 | 0.99 | 1.254 | −0.15 |
| 3–hydroxybutyrate | 2.26 | 0.0058 ± 0.0006 | 0.0077 ± 0.001 | 0.0078 ± 0.002 | 33 | 0.036 | 2.36 | 35 | 0.029 | 1.36 | 0.89 | 1.845 | 0.06 |
| Choline | 3.18 | 0.012 ± 0.002 | 0.0154 ± 00.002 | 0.0155 ± 0.002 | 28 | 0.050 | 1.78 | 29 | 0.033 | 1.84 | 1.01 | 0.922 | 0.05 |
| Glutamine | 2.42 | 0.015 ± 00.002 | 0.0186 ± 00.004 | 0.0186 ± 00.003 | 24 | 0.063 | 1.16 | 24 | 0.027 | 1.46 | 1.00 | 0.988 | 0 |
| Glutamate | 2.34 | 0.015 ± 0.003 | 0.0192 ± 0.007 | 0.0182 ± 0.006 | 28 | 0.166 | 0.79 | 21 | 0.271 | 0.69 | 0.95 | 2.163 | −0.16 |
| Isoleucine | 0.98 | 0.012 ± 00.003 | 0.015 ± 00.004 | 0.016 ± 00.002 | 25 | 0.098 | 0.004 | 35 | 0.030 | 1.68 | 0.95 | 3.944 | 0.34 |
| Leucine | 0.94 | 0.016 ± 00.003 | 0.0194 ± 0.004 | 0.0206 ± 0.002 | 21 | 0.114 | 0.99 | 29 | 0.032 | 1.93 | 0.99 | 1.402 | 0.41 |
| Valine | 3.58 | 0.0065 ± 00.001 | 0.0079 ± 00.001 | 0.0082 ± 00.001 | 22 | 0.161 | 1.47 | 26 | 0.027 | 1.78 | 1.10 | 3.166 | 0.31 |
| Tyrosine | 6.86 | 0.0015 ± 0.0002 | 0.0021 ± 0.0003 | 0.0022 ± 00.0002 | 43 | 0.021 | 3.15 | 45 | 0.001 | 3.67 | 1.01 | 1.625 | 0.52 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation. Comparisons of the metabolite intensities of each group were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test with false discovery rate (FDR) correction to avoid false positives, and a value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Groups: SED, sedentary control; MICT, moderate-intensity continuous training; HIIT, high-intensity interval training. ES, effect size; Black bold represents significant difference between both exercise modalities and SED group; Red bold represents significant difference between HIIT and SED groups.