Table 1.
Comparison of 104 treatment and 42 control group participants at pretest (t-test for independent groups with continuous variables, and chi-square test for independence with categorical variables)
| Continuous variables | Treatment group; mean (SD) | Control group; mean (SD) | t-test (P-value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intrinsic motivation subscale of SIMS measure (range: 4–28) | 16.6 (5.2) | 15.0 (4.6) | −1.596 (.11) |
| Metacognitive concerns (range: 7–35) | 22.1 (2.7) | 23.5 (2.1) | 2.751 (.01) |
| Dietary approaches to stop Hypertension diet score (range: 0–80) | 47.5 (7.0) | 46.8 (7.3) | −0.499 (.62) |
| Moderate intensity physical activity (minutes/week) | 223.0 (222.8) | 174.4 (148.6) | −1.183 (.24) |
| Vigorous intensity physical activity (minutes/week) | 103.5 (190.5) | 94.4 (132.2) | −0.259 (.80) |
| Body mass index | 27.6 (5.2) | 28.4 (5.1) | 0.835 (.41) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 115.9 (14.3) | 116.4 (11.5) | 0.210 (.83) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.4 (9.8) | 74.8 (8.4) | 0.207 (.84) |
| Pulse (beats/minute) | 65.8 (9.3) | 63.0 (9.8) | −1.659 (.10) |
| Carotenoid palm scan (Raman counts) | 34159 (11914) | 35281 (13693) | 0.493 (.62) |
| Age (yrs) | 54.6 (6.7) | 52.9 (7.3) | −1.286 (.20) |
| Number of relatives with dementia | 1.1 (1.0) | 1.1 (1.0) | −0.162 (.87) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192.9 (32.9) | 206.6 (36.2) | 2.204 (.03) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 2.4 (4.3) | 3.1 (3.8) | 0.888 (.38) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 104.7 (54.3) | 111.5 (49.2) | 0.701 (.49) |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 10.0 (9.3) | 9.3 (6.5) | −0.488 (.63) |
| Serum glucose (mg/dL) |
92.5 (9.8) |
95.5 (16.8) |
1.358 (.18) |
| Categorical variables |
Treatment group, N (%) |
Control group, N (%) |
Chi-square (P-value) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 36 (35.0%) | 11 (31.4%) | 0.144 (.70) |
| Female | 67 (65.0%) | 24 (68.8%) | |
| Education | |||
| HS/GED | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1.564 (.67) |
| College/trade | 19 (18.6%) | 4 (11.4%) | |
| School/associate's college | |||
| Graduate/bachelor's | 42 (41.2%) | 16 (45.7%) | |
| Graduate/professional degree | 40 (39.2%) | 14 (40.0%) | |
| Overall health | |||
| Fair | 8 (7.8%) | 5 (14.3%) | 1.397 (.50) |
| Good | 60 (58.8%) | 18 (51.4%) | |
| Excellent | 34 (33.3%) | 12 (34.3%) | |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; SIMS, Situational Intrinsic Motivational Scale; HS, high school; GED, general education development.