Table 1.
Participant Baseline Characteristics
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| N | 3913 |
| Randomized to the ILI arm | 1966 (50.2) |
| Age (years) | 58.9 ± 6.7 |
| Female | 2300 (58.8) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| White, non-Hispanic | 2658 (67.9) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 613 (15.7) |
| Hispanic | 505 (12.9) |
| Other | 137 (3.5) |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.1 ± 1.1 |
| Smoking status | |
| Never | 1947 (49.9) |
| Former | 1803 (46.2) |
| Current | 154 (3.9) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.7 ± 5.9 |
| Hypertension | 3238 (82.8) |
| Antihypertensive medication use | 2825 (72.3) |
| Dyslipidemia | 2718 (69.5) |
| Lipid lowering medication use | 1950 (49.9) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 689 (17.6) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 488 (12.5) |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 388 (9.9) |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 216 (5.5) |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 5.5 ± 5.4 |
| Family history of diabetes | 2472 (63.2) |
| Source of medical care | |
| Private office | 3059 (78.3) |
| Hospital-affiliated clinic | 363 (9.3) |
| Community care center | 246 (6.3) |
| Other | 218 (5.6) |
| No usual care | 19 (0.5) |
| No medical insurance | 290 (7.4) |
| Unemployed | 789 (20.2) |
| Highest level of education | |
| Doctorate or professional degree | 207 (5.3) |
| Bachelor's or master's degree | 1475 (37.7) |
| High school diploma | 1928 (49.3) |
| Less than high school | 221 (5.7) |
| Other | 81 (2.1) |
| Yearly family income | |
| > $80,000 | 1100 (28.1) |
| $60,000–80,000 | 595 (15.2) |
| $40,000–60,000 | 731 (18.7) |
| $20,000–40,000 | 720 (18.4) |
| < $20,000 | 371 (9.5) |
| Missing | 396 (10.1) |
| No. of antihyperglycemic drugs | |
| 0–1 | 2324 (60.0) |
| 2 | 1212 (31.4) |
| 3 or more | 335 (8.7) |
| Metformin use | 2389 (62.2) |
| Sulfonylurea use | 1917 (50.3) |
| Thiazolidinedione use | 969 (25.5) |
| Meglitinide use | 119 (3.2) |
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor use | 28 (0.8) |
Data are mean ± standard deviation or frequency (%). ILI, intensive lifestyle intervention