TABLE 1.
Health Center Characteristics, 2009 versus 2014
| Characteristic | 2009 | 2014 | p-value of difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, no. | 17,819,154 | 21,210,084 | < 0.001 |
| Age, % | |||
| 0–17* | 28.6 | 27.2 | 0.013 |
| 18–64 | 63.9 | 64.0 | 0.864 |
| 65+* | 7.5 | 8.8 | < 0.001 |
| Male, % | 42.5 | 42.9 | 0.207 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 43.1 | 44.0 | 0.490 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 19.2 | 19.6 | 0.712 |
| Hispanic | 25.3 | 25.7 | 0.709 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 2.2 | 2.6 | 0.233 |
| Non-Hispanic AIAN | 2.4 | 2.4 | 0.856 |
| Other/unknown * | 7.8 | 5.7 | |
| Insurance coverage, % | |||
| Medicaid * | 31.7 | 40.3 | < 0.001 |
| Medicare * | 8.1 | 9.9 | < 0.001 |
| Other Public * | 2.3 | 1.0 | < 0.001 |
| Private * | 16.9 | 18.4 | 0.011 |
| Uninsured* | 41.1 | 30.4† | < 0.001 |
| Income level, % | |||
| Under 100% FPL | 68.7 | 67.9 | 0.341 |
| Under 200% FPL | 91.9 | 91.3 | 0.260 |
| Primary language other than English, % | 17.8 | 16.5 | 0.166 |
| Homeless, % | 8.3 | 7.8 | 0.561 |
| Veteran, %* | 1.5 | 1.9 | 0.005 |
| Urban, % | 46.1 | 46.1 | NA |
| Electronic Health Record use, %* | 40.0‡ | 92.0 | < 0.001 |
| Medical home recognition, %* | 35.2§ | 65.4 | < 0.001 |
Statistics represent within-health center means, with each center weighted equally. Sample size is 1047 health centers, which includes 17.8 million patients in 2009 and 21.2 million patients in 2014. Characteristics for all years shown in Online Appendix C. *Difference between 2009 and 2014 is statistically significant, p < 0.01. † Large decline due 2014 insurance expansions; the 2013 uninsured rate was 37.4%. ‡ Mean in 2011, when EHR was first reported in the UDS. § Mean in 2012, when medical home recognition was first reported in the UDS