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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropharmacology. 2018 Mar 23;135:431–443. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.019

Figure 5. Cocaine-induced ROS regulates astrocytes innate immune gene expression, alone or in combination with HIV-1.

Figure 5

NHA were treated with cocaine (0.1 μM) in the presence or absence of PPF (10 μM) or PIO (1 μM) (A-C). NHA were treated with HIV-1JR-CSF (p24 10 ng/mL) alone or in combination with cocaine (0.1 μM), PPF (10 μM) or PIO (1 μM) (D-F). At 24 hr post treatment, RNA was collected and assayed for ISG15 (A and D), IFNβ1 (B and E) and IFNα1 (C and F). Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism V6.0 with two-way ANOVA (A-C) or one-way ANOVA (D-F) and Tukey’s post-hoc analysis for multiple comparisons. p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant and data represent means +/− SEM. Representative graphs are shown from a minimum of three independent astrocyte experiments each tested and analyzed in a minimum of triplicate technical determinations. (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001).