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The effect of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals on mitochondrial function in primary monocytes. Monocytes were treated with or without CaOx crystals (50 µg/ml) for 40 min prior to assessing mitochondrial function using the “Mito Stress Test” inhibitors: oligomycin (Oligo), FCCP, and antimycin A (AA). The effect of CaOx crystals on (A) mitochondrial OCR and (B) individual parameters in primary monocytes. Results are means ± SEM; n = 5–6 replicates per group; n = 7 healthy subjects.
