Table 2.

Univariable analysis of risk factors for hysterectomy in women with postpartum haemorrhage

Variable	Total	n(%) of women who had hysterectomy	Age-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)a	P-value†
Cause of haemorrhage
Uterine atony	12,759	421 (3.3)	1	< 0.001
Surgical trauma/tears	3681	181 (4.9)	1.49 (1.24–1.80)
Placenta praevia/accreta	1874	326 (17.4)	4.87 (4.11–5.77)
Other/Unknown	1699	90 (5.3)	1.40 (1.10–1.80)
Age (years)
< 20	1021	12 (1.2)	1	< 0.001
20–29	10,408	306 (2.9)	2.15 (1.20–3.86)	< 0.001ǂ
30–39	7900	615 (7.8)	5.98 (3.34–10.70)
≥40	681	87 (12.8)	11.73 (6.30–21.85)
Geographic region
Africa	12,714	570 (4.5)	1	< 0.001
Asia	6173	420 (6.8)	1.67 (1.20–2.34)
Europe and Americas	1130	30 (2.7)	0.53 (0.26–1.08)
Delivery in study hospital
Yes	17,586	868 (4.9)	1	0.77
No	2428	152 (6.3)	0.97 (0.80–1.18)
Uterotonic prophylaxis given
Yes	19,264	940 (4.9)	1	< 0.001
No	269	40(14.9)	2.65 (1.80–3.88)
Type of delivery
Vaginal	14,188	357 (2.5)	1	< 0.001
Caesarean	5824	661 (11.4)	4.50 (3.89–5.21)
Full delivery of placenta
Yes	18, 064	796 (4.4)	1	< 0.001
No	1950	223 (11.4)	2.24 (1.89–2.66)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
≤70	1532	210 (13.7)	6.40 (5.25–7.81)	< 0.001
71–90	5925	453 (7.7)	3.02 (2.59–3.53)	< 0.001ǂ
> 90	12,555	357 (2.8)	1
Estimated volume of blood loss (mL)
≤ 1000	10,400	86 (0.8)	1	< 0.001
1001–1500	5703	238 (4.2)	5.35 (4.13–6.93)	< 0.001ǂ
> 1500	3911	696 (17.8)	32.02 (24.97–41.05)
Clinical signs of haemodynamic instability
No	8194	128 (1.6)	1	< 0.001
Yes	11,822	891 (7.5)	7.35 (5.96–9.06)

^aCI, confidence interval

†P-values obtained from likelihood ratio test

ǂLikelihood ratio test for linear trend