Table 3.

Correlates of HIV status non-disclosure among HIV-infected mothers with current male partners (n = 420)^a

		Univariate		Multivariateb
Characteristic		OR (95% CI)	p-value	aOR (95% CI)b	p-value
Maternal characteristics
Age (years)		0.95 (0.89–1.02)	0.137
Unmarried/not cohabiting		1.56 (0.33–7.41)	0.572
Duration of relationship (years)		0.91 (0.84–0.98)	0.017*	0.90 (0.82–0.98)	0.015*
Education	None	ref
	Primary	1.31 (0.40–4.30)	0.653
	Secondary	1.63 (0.46–5.78)	0.447
	> Secondary	1.67 (1.41–6.74)	0.470
Employment	Salaried	ref		ref
	Self employed	4.18 (0.49–35.51)	0.188	4.11 (0.47–35.77)	0.198
	Housewife	5.67 (0.71–45.23)	0.100	5.07 (0.65–39.52)	0.120
	Unemployed	10.47 (1.20–91.31)	0.034*	9.19 (1.06–79.41)	0.044
KSH ≤ 5000 income/month		0.61 (0.26–1.47)	0.269
IPV (from current male partner)c		1.08 (0.49–2.38)	0.853
Current male partner characteristics
Partner age (years)		0.97 (0.92–1.02)	0.209
Partner education	None	ref
	Primary	0.29 (0.08–1.03)	0.056
	Secondary	0.40 (0.11–1.45)	0.163
	> Secondary	0.44 (0.10–2.03)	0.290
Partner employment	Unemployed	ref		ref
	Self employed	0.59 (0.28–1.25)	0.165	0.61 (0.30–1.24)	0.169
	Salaried	0.43 (0.20–0.93)	0.033*	0.42 (0.18–0.96)	0.039
Partner tested for HIV		0.69 (0.26–1.81)	0.445
Partner HIV statusd	HIV-uninfected	ref
	HIV-infected	0.46 (0.17–1.24)	0.124
	Unknown	–
Obstetric history
Number of living children		0.89 (0.69–1.16)	0.405
≥4 ANC visitse		0.65 (0.37–1.15)	0.139
Partner did not attend ANCe		2.65 (1.29–5.43)	0.009*	2.62 (1.28–5.35)	0.009*
Health facility deliverye		1.10 (0.48–2.54)	0.823
HIV-related characteristics
CD4 testing uptake		0.29 (0.14–0.59)	0.001*	0.32 (0.15–0.69)	0.004
CD4 results received		0.49 (0.22–1.10)	0.084
Currently on HAART for own health		0.39 (0.21–0.74)	0.005*	0.51 (0.25–1.04)	0.063
Maternal ARV use
During pregnancy		0.42 (0.16–1.10)	0.078
During labour		0.25 (0.11–0.53)	< 0.001*	0.38 (0.15–0.97)	0.042
During breastfeeding		0.30 (0.15–0.62)	< 0.001*	0.50 (0.22–1.14)	0.096
Infant received PCR testing		0.56 (0.31–1.01)	0.053*	0.60 (0.32–1.09)	0.093
Infant ARV use		0.08 (0.03–0.22)	< 0.001*	0.08 (0.02–0.31)	< 0.001

SD standard deviation, IPV intimate partner violence, ANC antenatal care, OR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio

^aMissing data not shown; all models adjusted for clinic-level clustering

^bMultivariate models adjusted for marital status, relationship length, and partner ANC attendance

^cIPV defined as having a score ≥ 10.5 on HITS scale

^dAmong male partners who were tested for HIV

^eDuring the most recent pregnancy

*highlights factors were significantly different in univariate analysis