Table 1.
Primer sequences, Ta, and expected product sizes for the tested genes
| Gene | Primer | Primer sequence (5′ → 3′) | Expected product size (bp) | Ta (°C) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ctx-m | Pf Pr |
CGCTTTGCGATGTGCAG ACCGCGATATCGTTGGT |
550 | 47 | Bonnet et al20 |
| shv | Pf Pr |
GGTTATGCGTTATATTCGCC TTAGCGTTGCCAGTGCTC |
867 | 47 | Rasheed et al21 |
| tem | Pf Pr |
ATGAGTATTCAACATTTCCG CTGACAGTTACCAATGCTTA |
867 | ||
| aac(6′)-Ib aac(6′)-Ib-cr | Pf Pr |
TTGCGATGCTCTATGAGTGG CGTTTGGATCTTGGTGACCT |
358 | 46 | Hamed et al22 |
| qnrA | Pf Pr |
GCCCGCTTCTACAATCAAGT GGCAGCACTATTACTCCCAAG |
347 | 60 | |
| qnrB | Pf Pr |
TATGGCTCTGGCACTCGTT GCATCTTTCAGCATCGCAC |
193 | ||
| qnrS | Pf Pr |
TCGGCACCACAACTTTTCAC TCACACGCACGGAACTCTAT |
255 |
Notes: ctx-m, shv, and tem genes code for ESBLs; aac(6′)-Ib gene codes for aminoglycoside 6′-N-acetyltransferase type Ib; aac(6′)-Ib-cr gene codes for aminoglycoside 6′-N-acetyltransferase type Ib ciprofloxacin-resistant variant; qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS genes are PMQR determinants coding for quinolone resistance.
Abbreviations: Ta, calculated annealing temperature; ESBLs, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases; PMQR, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance.