Table 3.

Sex, cardiovascular disease (CVD) status and willingness to participate in clinical research studies/clinical trials

	Relative risk (95% CI)			Relative risk (95% CI)
	Women	Men	P value	Non-CVD	CVD	P value
Model 1a	1 [Reference]	0.93 (0.80–1.07)	.28	1 [Reference]	1.00 (0.86–1.16)	.95
Model 2b	1 [Reference]	0.91 (0.79–1.05)	.19	1 [Reference]	0.99 (0.85–1.14)	.86
Model 3c	1 [Reference]	0.86 (0.72–1.02)	.09	1 [Reference]	1.04 (0.88–1.24)	.63
Model 3 + random	1 [Reference]	0.85 (0.72–1.01)	.07	1 [Reference]	1.05 (0.88–1.24)	.60
Model 3 + blinded	1 [Reference]	0.85 (0.72–1.00)	.05	1 [Reference]	1.04 (0.88–1.23)	.63
Model 3 + side effects	1 [Reference]	0.85 (0.73–1.00)	.05	1 [Reference]	1.11 (0.95–1.31)	.19
Model 3 + conflict of interest	1 [Reference]	0.85 (0.72–1.01)	.06	1 [Reference]	1.02 (0.86–1.21)	.81
Model 3 + guinea pigsd	1 [Reference]	0.92 (0.78–1.09)	.31	1 [Reference]	1.03 (0.87–1.22)	.73
Model 3 + talking to physician	1 [Reference]	0.93 (0.80–1.08)	.36	1 [Reference]	1.05 (0.91–1.23)	.49
Model 3 + terminally illd	1 [Reference]	0.89 (0.75–1.06)	.18	1 [Reference]	1.03 (0.87–1.22)	.73
Model 3 + experimental treatments	1 [Reference]	0.86 (0.72–1.02)	.08	1 [Reference]	1.04 (0.88–1.25)	.63
Stratified characteristics, model 3
	Non-CVD	CVD	P value‖
Women	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	.40
Men	0.77 (0.57–1.04)	0.96 (0.82–1.14)

^aModel 1 is adjusted for age

^bModel 2 is adjusted for the variables in model 1 plus age, education, annual household income, marital status, race and current health status

^cModel 3 is adjusted for the variables in model 2 plus CVD status for the primary sex effect estimates and sex for the primary CVD status estimates; model 3 is also adjusted for sex × CVD status interaction

^dResponses of “Strongly Disagree” and “Disagree” were grouped together

‖P values for stratified models are for sex × CVD status interaction