Table 3.
Groups at High Risk for HBV Infection Who Should Be Screened
| ▪ | Persons born in regions of high or intermediate HBV endemicity (HBsAg prevalence of ≥2%) | |
| Africa | All countries | |
| North, Southeast, East Asia | All countries | |
| Australia and South Pacific | All countries except Australia and New Zealand | |
| Middle East | All countries except Cyprus and Israel | |
| Eastern Europe | All countries except Hungary | |
| Western Europe | Malta, Spain, and indigenous populations of Greenland | |
| North America | Alaskan natives and indigenous populations of Northern Canada | |
| Mexico and Central America | Guatemala and Honduras | |
| South America | Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and Amazonian areas | |
| Caribbean | Antigua-Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Turks and Caicos Islands | |
| ▪ | US-born persons not vaccinated as an infant whose parents were born in regions with high HBV endemicity (≥8%)* | |
| ▪ | Persons who have ever injected drugs* | |
| ▪ | Men who have sex with men* | |
| ▪ | Persons needing immunosuppressive therapy, including chemotherapy, immunosuppression related to organ transplantation, and immunosuppression for rheumatologic or gastroenterologic disorders | |
| ▪ | Individuals with elevated ALT or AST of unknown etiology* | |
| ▪ | Donors of blood, plasma, organs, tissues, or semen | |
| ▪ | Persons with end-stage renal disease, including predialysis, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and home dialysis patients* | |
| ▪ | All pregnant women | |
| ▪ | Infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers* | |
| ▪ | Persons with chronic liver disease, eg, HCV* | |
| ▪ | Persons with HIV* | |
| ▪ | Household, needle-sharing and sexual contacts of HBsAg-positive persons* | |
| ▪ | Persons who are not in a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship (eg >1 sex partner during the previous 6 months)* | |
| ▪ | Persons seeking evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted disease* | |
| ▪ | Health care and public safety workers at risk for occupational exposure to blood or blood-contaminated body fluids* | |
| ▪ | Residents and staff of facilities for developmentally disabled persons* | |
| ▪ | Travelers to countries with intermediate or high prevalence of HBV infection* | |
| ▪ | Persons who are the source of blood or body fluid exposures that might require post-exposure prophylaxis | |
| ▪ | Inmates of correctional facilities* | |
| ▪ | Unvaccinated persons with diabetes who are aged 19 through 59 years (discretion of clinician for unvaccinated adults with diabetes who are aged ≥60 years)* | |