Table 5. Breast cancer risk by longitudinal intake of meat, milk and whole grains.
| Adolescence | Midlife | N | Breast cancer (%) | Age adjusted HR (95% CI) | Multivariate HR (95% CI)* |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meat | ||||||
| Low | Low | 275 | 5 (1.8) | 1.0, (ref.) | 1.0, (ref.) | |
| Low | High | 681 | 23 (3.4) | 1.8 (0.7–4.8) | 1.9 (0.7–5.2.1) | |
| High | Low | 921 | 35 (3.8) | 2.1 (0.8–5.4) | 2.0 (0.9–5.6) | |
| High | High | 980 | 33 (3.4) | 1.8 (0.7–4.7) | 2.0 (0.8–5.3) | |
| Salted or smoked meat | ||||||
| Low | Low | 1682 | 52 (3.1) | 1.0, (ref.) | 1.0, (ref.) | |
| Low | High | 239 | 9 (3.8) | 1.3 (0.6–2.6) | 1.3 (0.6–2.6) | |
| High | Low | 517 | 19 (3.7) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | |
| High | High | 412 | 17 (4.1) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 1.6 (0.8–2.9) | |
| Milk | ||||||
| Low | Low | 567 | 24 (4.2) | 1.0, (ref.) | 1.0, (ref.) | |
| Low | High | 122 | 5 (4.1) | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | 0.9 (0.3–2.4) | |
| High | Low | 674 | 17 (2.5) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | |
| High | High | 1492 | 51 (3.4) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | |
| Rye bread | ||||||
| Low | Low | 1304 | 34 (2.6) | 1.0, (ref.) | 1.0, (ref.) | |
| Low | High | 145 | 7 (4.8) | 2.1 (0.9–4.8) | 2.4 (1.0–5.4) | |
| High | Low | 597 | 22 (3.7) | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) | 1.7 (1.0–3.0) | |
| High | High | 807 | 33 (4.1) | 1.7 (1.0–2.8) | 2.1 (1.2–3.5) | |
| Oatmeal | ||||||
| Low | Low | 1577 | 59 (3.7) | 1.0, (ref.) | 1.0, (ref.) | |
| Low | High | 206 | 9 (4.4) | 1.1 (0.6–2.3) | 1.0 (0.5–2.1) | |
| High | Low | 584 | 22 (3.8) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | |
| High | High | 478 | 7 (1.5) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
For meat; low stands for 2 times or less p/w; high for 3 times or more p/w.
For salted or smoked meat; low stands for 3 times a month or less; high stands for once p/w or more.
For oatmeal; low stands for 4 times and less p/w; high stands for 5 times or more p/w.
For milk and rye bread low stands for less than daily; high stands for daily or more.
*Multivariate HR; adjusted for age at entry, education, body mass index in midlife, age at first child and age at menarche. With the exception of the food item under study each time—all other food items in adolescence (meat, salted and smoked meat, milk, rye bread, oatmeal) plus information on fish and salted and smoked fish in adolescence were then added simultaneously to the multivariate model.
All multivariate analysis includes 95 breast cancer events.