Table 3.
Radiotracers used for in vivo molecular imaging in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder.
| Molecular target (receptor) | Radiotracer (full name) | Abbreviation(s) | Studies utilizing this tracer in vivo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neurokinin 1 Receptor (NK1) | (2 S,3 S)-N-[[2-[11C]Methoxy-5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)tetrazol-1-yl]phenyl]methyl]-2-phenyl-piperidin-3-amine | [11C]GR205171 | |
| Serotonin transpoter (SERT) | [11C]2-(2-(Dimethylaminomethyl)phenylthio)-5-fluoromethylphenylamine | [11C]AFM | ↓SERT availability in MDD218 |
| [11C]-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)- benzonitrile | [11C]DASB | ↓SERT availability in MDD219,220 | |
| Serotonin 1B receptor (5HT1B) | (R-1-[4-(2-methoxy-isopropyl)-phenyl]-3-[2-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)benzyl]-pyrrolidin-2-one) | [11C]P943 | ↓5HT1B in trauma exposed HC50 |
| Serotonin 1A receptor (5HT1A) | carbon11–labeledN-(2-(1-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1piperazinyl)ethyl))- N-(2-pyridyl)- cyclohexanecarboxamide | [carbonyl-C-11]WAY-100635 | ↑5HT1A availability in MDD221 |
| (N-{2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazino]}-N-(2-pyridinyl)trans-4-fluorocyclohexanecarboxamide) | [18F]CWAY | No differences in 5HT1A availability in MDD222 | |
| Dopamine transporter (DAT) | ((99 m)Tc-[2[[2-[[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3,2,1]-oct-2-yl]-methyl](2-mercaptoethyl) amino]ethyl]amino]ethane-thiolato(3-)-N2,N2′,S2,S2]oxo-[1R-(exo-exo)])) | [99mTC]-TRODAT-1 | ↑DAT availability in PTSD223 |
| GABAA-BZR | [123I]iomazenil | ↑ GABAA-BZR availability in PTSD224 | |
| [11C]flumazenil | ↑ GABAA-BZR availability in PTSD225 | ||
| Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) | ([11C]JHU75528) | [11C]OMAR | ↑CB1 availability in PTSD226,227 |
| Norepinephrine Transporter (NET) | [11C]methylreboxetine | ([11C]MRB) | ↓NET availability in PTSD relative to HC, but not trauma controls228 |
| ß2*-nAChR | (123I-5-IA; [123I]-5-iodo-3-[2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine) | [123I]5-IA-85380 ([123I]5-IA) | ↑ ß2*-nAChR availability in PTSD229 |
| K- Opioid Receptor | [11C]LY2795050 | ↓KOR availability associated with severity of loss symptoms in trauma survivors |