Table 1.

Genetic transportopathies that impair manganese homeostasis

	SLC39A14 gene disorder	SLC30A10 gene disorder	SLC39A8 gene disorder
Inheritance	Autosomal recessive	Autosomal recessive	Autosomal recessive
Serum manganese levels	Elevated	Elevated	Low
Cognition	Relatively spared	Relatively spared	Developmental delay, intellectual disability
Extrapyramidal symptoms	Parkinsonism, dystonia	Parkinsonism, dystonia	Dystonia
Seizures	None	None	Yes
Systemic symptoms	None	Liver disease, polycythemia	Skeletal dysplasia, deafness, liver disease
Treatment	Chelation	Chelation, iron supplementation	Oral galactose