Table 1.
Antinutrients of bengalgram dal under different soaking conditions as per central composite design
| Run | Processing variable* | Final pH | Response (per gram dry wt) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dal:water (w/w) | t (h) | T (°C) | Initial pH | TC (mg) | PAC (mg) | TIA (kU†) | HA (kU‡) | TBAC (µg) | ||
| 1 | 1:5 (+ 1) | 10 (− 1) | 20 (− 1) | 7.0 (+ 1) | 6.9 ± 0 | 1.06 ± 0.03 | 1.3 ± 0 | 11.1 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0 | 363 ± 2 |
| 2 | 1:5 (+ 1) | 10 (− 1) | 40 (+ 1) | 7.0 (+ 1) | 6.8 ± 0 | 0.96 ± 0.03 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 10.8 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 433 ± 5 |
| 3 | 1:3 (− 1) | 20 (+ 1) | 40 (+ 1) | 5.0 (− 1) | 4.6 ± 0 | 0.49 ± 0.06 | 1.1 ± 0 | 8.1 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 404 ± 1 |
| 4 | 1:5 (+ 1) | 20 (+ 1) | 40 (+ 1) | 7.0 (+ 1) | 6.7 ± 0.2 | 0.48 ± 0.03 | 1.1 ± 0 | 8.1 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 393 ± 6 |
| 5 | 1:4 (0) | 15 (0) | 30 (0) | 4.0 (− α) | 3.9 ± 0 | 0.59 ± 0.00 | 1.2 ± 0 | 9.1 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0 | 436 ± 2 |
| 6 | 1:4 (0) | 15 (0) | 30 (0) | 6.0 (0) | 5.7 ± 0 | 0.58 ± 0.03 | 1.2 ± 0 | 9.7 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 387 ± 4 |
| 7 | 1:5 (+ 1) | 20 (+ 1) | 40 (+ 1) | 5.0 (− 1) | 4.6 ± 0 | 0.46 ± 0.03 | 1.1 ± 0 | 8.1 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 401 ± 6 |
| 8 | 1:3 (− 1) | 20 (+ 1) | 40 (+ 1) | 7.0 (+ 1) | 6.7 ± 0 | 0.49 ± 0.00 | 1.1 ± 0 | 8.1 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 407 ± 2 |
| 9 | 1:3 (− 1) | 20 (+ 1) | 20 (− 1) | 7.0 (+ 1) | 6.7 ± 0 | 0.56 ± 0.03 | 1.1 ± 0 | 8.1 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 348 ± 7 |
| 10 | 1:6 (+ α) | 15 (0) | 30 (0) | 6.0 (0) | 5.6 ± 0 | 0.46 ± 0.03 | 1.1 ± 0 | 8.9 ± 0 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 371 ± 4 |
| 11 | 1:5 (+ 1) | 10 (− 1) | 40 (+ 1) | 5.0 (− 1) | 4.8 ± 0.1 | 0.96 ± 0.03 | 1.2 ± 0 | 10.6 ± 0 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 432 ± 5 |
| 12 | 1:4 (0) | 5 (− α) | 30 (0) | 6.0 (0) | 6.0 ± 0 | 1.70 ± 0.03 | 1.5 ± 0 | 12.1 ± 0 | 5.1 ± 0 | 425 ± 3 |
| 13 | 1:4 (0) | 15 (0) | 30 (0) | 6.0 (0) | 5.7 ± 0 | 0.49 ± 0.00 | 1.2 ± 0 | 9.2 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 372 ± 4 |
| 14 | 1:3 (− 1) | 10 (− 1) | 20 (− 1) | 7.0 (+ 1) | 6.9 ± 0 | 1.16 ± 0.03 | 1.3 ± 0 | 11.1 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0 | 366 ± 5 |
| 15 | 1:3 (− 1) | 20 (+ 1) | 20 (− 1) | 5.0 (− 1) | 4.6 ± 0 | 0.56 ± 0.03 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 8.1 ± 0 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 353 ± 7 |
| 16 | 1:4 (0) | 15 (0) | 10 (− α) | 6.0 (0) | 5.9 ± 0 | 1.16 ± 0.07 | 1.2 ± 0 | 11.2 ± 0 | 2.1 ± 0 | 376 ± 5 |
| 17 | 1:4 (0) | 15 (0) | 50 (+ α) | 6.0 (0) | 5.4 ± 0 | 1.16 ± 0.03 | 1.1 ± 0 | 9.5 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 443 ± 5 |
| 18 | 1:4 (0) | 15 (0) | 30 (0) | 6.0 (0) | 5.6 ± 0 | 0.52 ± 0.03 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 9.8 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0 | 387 ± 4 |
| 19 | 1:4 (0) | 25 (+ α) | 30 (0) | 6.0 (0) | 5.5 ± 0 | 0.46 ± 0.03 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 8.1 ± 0 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 345 ± 2 |
| 20 | 1:4 (0) | 15 (0) | 30 (0) | 8.0 (+ α) | 7.9 ± 0.2 | 0.56 ± 0.03 | 1.2 ± 0 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 368 ± 6 |
| 21 | 1:5 (+ 1) | 20 (+ 1) | 20 (− 1) | 5.0 (− 1) | 4.7 ± 0 | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 1.1 ± 0 | 8.2 ± 0 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 353 ± 5 |
| 22 | 1:5 (+ 1) | 10 (− 1) | 20 (− 1) | 5.0 (− 1) | 4.7 ± 0 | 1.06 ± 0.03 | 1.3 ± 0 | 11.1 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0 | 390 ± 6 |
| 23 | 1:3 (− 1) | 10 (− 1) | 40 (+ 1) | 7.0 (+ 1) | 6.8 ± 0 | 1.04 ± 0.03 | 1.3 ± 0 | 10.8 ± 0 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 436 ± 6 |
| 24 | 1:5 (+ 1) | 20 (+ 1) | 20 (− 1) | 7.0 (+ 1) | 6.7 ± 0 | 0.59 ± 0.03 | 1.1 ± 0 | 8.1 ± 0 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 349 ± 5 |
| 25 | 1:3 (− 1) | 10 (− 1) | 40 (+ 1) | 5.0 (− 1) | 4.8 ± 0 | 1.06 ± 0.03 | 1.3 ± 0 | 10.9 ± 0 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 436 ± 2 |
| 26 | 1:4 (0) | 15 (0) | 30 (0) | 6.0 (0) | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 1.2 ± 0 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 389 ± 3 |
| 27 | 1:4 (0) | 15 (0) | 30 (0) | 6.0 (0) | 5.7 ± 0 | 0.50 ± 0.03 | 1.2 ± 0 | 9.7 ± 0 | 1.7 ± 0 | 398 ± 4 |
| 28 | 1:4 (0) | 15 (0) | 30 (0) | 6.0 (0) | 5.7 ± 0 | 0.50 ± 0.09 | 1.2 ± 0 | 9.6 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 382 ± 4 |
| 29 | 1:2 (− α) | 15 (0) | 30 (0) | 6.0 (0) | 5.8 ± 0 | 0.76 ± 0.03 | 1.3 ± 0 | 10.1 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 431 ± 5 |
| 30 | 1:3 (− 1) | 10 (− 1) | 20 (− 1) | 5.0 (− 1) | 4.7 ± 0 | 1.10 ± 0.03 | 1.3 ± 0 | 11.2 ± 0 | 2.6 ± 0 | 380 ± 4 |
Values are mean ± SE of three determinations
*Low, center and high levels of each variable were designated as – 1, 0 and + 1, respectively; α (axial distance from the central point) = 1.682
†One unit (U) was defined as a decrease in A280 of 0.01, relative to the blank, in 20 min using a 10 mL assay volume
‡One unit (U) was defined as the least amount of haemagglutinin which produced positive agglutination (1+) under the experimental condition