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. 2018 May 30;8:8368. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26455-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

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Left: Optical density images of a cloud of atoms in three cooling regimes. Each single shot measurement is taken after 12 ms time of flight. Right: Vertically integrated optical densities (blue) with superimposed Gaussian fits (red). (a) A typical MOT cloud, (b) a MOT cloud after Gray MOT cooling (see text), (c) a MOT cloud after molasses cooling. The Gaussian width σ is indicative of the cloud temperature.