Table 1.

A representative list of dynamic enzyme assemblies, the species in which, and the method(s) by which, they were detected

Pathway	Method of detection	Species	Reference
Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway	Isotope dilution studies	Pea, soybean, yeast	83
Glycolysis	Cell biology, affinity purification mass spectrometry, isotope dilution studies	Arabidopis thaliana, human cell lines, human heart, potato, yeast, Synecocystis sp.	57,84–86
TCA cycle	Cell biology, affinity purification mass spectrometry, isotope dilution studies, site-directed mutagenesis, kinetic modelling, protein crystallisation	Arabidopsis, Bacillus subtilis, potato, S. cerevisiae, E. coli, rat	40–42,45,67,82,87–91
CoA channelling through FA synthesis	Substrate pool size quantification and enzyme kinetics	Pea and spinach	92
FA β-oxidation cycle	Protein crystallisation	E. coli	93
Polyketide pathway	Enzyme kinetic analysis	Saccharopolyspora erythraea	94
Purinosome	Cell biology, proteomics, mutant analysis, comparison of enzyme assembly with the rate of flux through the pathway	Human cell lines	49–51,95
Mitochondrial ETC complexes	Enzyme assays in the presence/absence of electron donors and inhibitors and genetically modified supercomplexes	Mouse fibroblasts	96
Photosynthesis
(i) Light-harvesting complex	Spectroscopic analysis of isolated protein complexes and genetically modified complexes	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	97
(ii) Calvin–Benson cycle	Isotope dilution, proteomics	Synechocystis sp.	98
Cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis	Isotope dilution, enzyme kinetic analysis, co-purification studies	Sorghum	99,100
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	Channelling of labelled intermediates, cell fractionation experiments, co-immunolocalisation	Plants including Arabidopsis, buckwheat, petunia, maize and snapdraogon	101,102
Polyamine biosynthesis	Yeast two hybrid, co-immunoprecipitations, cell biology	Arabidopsis, Leishmania donovani	103,104
Branched chain amino acid metabolism	Protein association studies, site directed mutational analysis	Isolated proteins from human and rat	105
Alkaloid	Cell biology	Catharanthus roseus	106
Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis	Crystallisation and structure determination	Synechocystis sp.	107
Lignin	Genetic manipulation, mathematical modelling	Medicago trucatula	68,108
Cell wall degradation	Cell biology, proteomics, crystallisation studies	Arabidopsis, rice, anaerobic bacteria and fungi	109
Proline catabolism	Kinetic considerations, effects of mutating one of the enzymes on the other, modelling based on available crystal structures	Thermus thermophilus	110
RNA degradation	Cell biology, proteomics, crystallisation studies	E. coli, Psuedomonas syringae, Rhodobacter capsulatus, Streptomyces coelicolor, Mycobacterium tuberculosis/bovis	111