Table 1.
Demographic information of the control group, NCI group and CI group.
| Control group (n = 19 cases) | NCI group (n = 13 cases) | CI group (n = 20 cases) | p1 value | p2 value | p3 value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 50.74 ± 7.37 | 54.61 ± 9.11 | 48.15 ± 8.32 | 0.40 | 0.17 | 0.06 |
| Sex (male/total, %) | 13/19 (68.42) | 11/13 (84.62) | 16/20 (80.00) | 0.40 | 0.48 | |
| Education (years, mean ± SD) | 10.68 ± 2.38 | 9.40 ± 1.73 | 10.84 ± 1.99 | 0.84 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
| NIHSS at admonition [scores, median (IQR)] | — | 2.00 (2.50) | 2.00 (2.75) | — | — | 0.43 |
| Functional status (Modified Rankin Scale; [scores, median (IQR)]) | — | 1.00 (2.00) | 1.00 (1.00) | — | — | 0.37 |
| IQCODE(scores, mean ± SD) | 3.07 ± 0.11 | 3.09 ± 0.06 | 3.12 ± 0.14 | 0.58 | 0.17 | 0.5 |
| HAMD (scores, mean ± SD) | 2.15 ± 2.38 | 2.14 ± 2.32 | 2.63 ± 2.41 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.86 |
| Right-handedness (cases/total, %) | 18/19 (94.74) | 12/13 (92.31) | 18/20 (90.00) | 1.00 | 0.52 | 1.00 |
| Instrumental ADL (scores, mean ± SD) | 8.00 ± 0.00 | 8.29 ± 0.73 | 8.37 ± 0.90 | 0.17 | 0.001** | 0.014* |
| Basic ADL (scores, mean ± SD) | 6.00 ± 0.00 | 6.00 ± 0.00 | 6.07 ± 0.27 | 0.34 | 0.99 | 0.34 |
| TOAST | ||||||
| LAA (cases/total,%) | — | 0/13 (0.00) | 2/20 (10.00) | — | — | 0.51 |
| concurrent centrum semiovale infarcts (cases/total, %) | — | 0/13 (0.00) | 1/20 (5.00) | — | — | 1.00 |
| Diameter of lesion (mm, mean ± SD) | — | 14.55 ± 4.74 | 19.02 ± 9.64 | — | — | 0.09 |
| Left basal ganglia (cases/total, %) | — | 10/13 (76.92) | 12/20 (60.00) | — | — | 0.27 |
| Hypertension (cases/total, %) | 13/19 (68.42) | 9/13 (69.23) | 14/20 (70.00) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Impaired glucose regulation (cases/total, %) | 3/19 (15.79) | 2/13 (15.38) | 6/20 (30.00) | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.43 |
| Hyperlipidemia (cases/total, %) | 10/19 (52.63) | 8/13 (61.54) | 16/20 (80.00) | 0.73 | 0.10 | 0.43 |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia (cases/total, %) | 9/19 (47.37) | 6/13 (46.15) | 6/20 (30.00) | 1.00 | 0.33 | 0.47 |
| Peripheral arterial disease (cases/total, %) | 2/19 (10.53) | 3/13 (23.08) | 2/20 (10.00) | 0.37 | 1.00 | 0.36 |
| Current or ever drinking (cases/total, %) | 8/19 (42.11) | 10/13 (76.92) | 14/20 (70.00) | 0.08 | 0.11 | 1.00 |
| Current or ever smoking (cases/total, %) | 8/19 (42.11) | 8/13 (61.54) | 12/20 (60.00) | 0.47 | 0.34 | 1.00 |
| Family history of stroke (cases/total, %) | 1/19 (5.26) | 1/13 (7.69) | 2/20 (10.00) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Posterior circulation (case/total, %) | — | 4/13 (30.77) | 2/20 (10.00) | — | — | 0.18 |
NCI, no cognitive impairment; CI, cognitive impairment; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Rating Score; ADL, Activities of Daily Living Scale; LAA, large atherothrombotic infarction; *p < 0.017, **p < 0.01. p1: NCI group vs. control group; p2: CI group vs. control group; p3: NCI group vs. CI group.