Table 1.
Patient and tumor characteristics before and after abdominoperineal resection (N = 47)
| N | % | |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 27 | 57.4 |
| Female | 20 | 42.6 |
| Age | ||
| At time of diagnosis primary | 53 (46–66)* | |
| At time of operation | 56 (48–66)* | |
| Clinical tumor stage | ||
| T1 | 8 17.0 | |
| T2 | 20 | 42.6 |
| T3 | 13 | 27.7 |
| T4 | 6 | 12.8 |
| Clinical nodal stage | ||
| N0/Nx | 40 | 85.1 |
| N1 | 5 | 10.6 |
| N2 | 2 | 4.3 |
| Clinical Metastasis stage | ||
| M0 | 45 | 95.7 |
| M+ | 2 | 4.3 |
| Histology | ||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 47 | 100 |
| Pretreatment | ||
| Radiotherapy | 47 | 100 |
| Mean dose Gy | 60 (60–60)* | |
| Concomitant chemotherapy | ||
| 5-FU Mitomycin C | 36 | 76.6 |
| 5-FU only | 1 | 2.1 |
| No chemotherapy | 10 | 21.3 |
| Indication for surgery | ||
| Persistent disease | 24 | 48.9 |
| Recurrent disease | 23 | 51.1 |
| Time interval radiotherapy and surgery (in months) | ||
| Persistent disease | 5 (4–7)* | |
| Recurrent disease | 15.0 (9.5–37.5)* | |
| Surgical procedure | ||
| APR | 35 | 74.5 |
| APR and posterior vaginal wall | 4 | 8.5 |
| Posterior exenteration | 4 | 8.5 |
| Total pelvic exenteration | 2 | 4.3 |
| Posterior exenteration and vulvectomie | 2 | 44.3 |
| Additional procedures | ||
| Partial sacrectomy | 2 | 4.3 |
| Synchronous ILND | 2 | 4.3 |
| Omentoplasty | 33 | 70.2 |
| IORT | 2 | 4.3 |
| Wound closure and/or reconstruction | ||
| Primary closure | 10 | 21.3 |
| Wound left open | 1 | 2.1 |
| VRAM-flap | 31 | 66.0 |
| Gracilis flap | 3 | 6.4 |
| Pudendus flap | 1 | 2.1 |
| Gluteal flap | 1 | 2.1 |
| Operating time | ||
| Minutes | 378.6 ± 129.9** | |
| Pathological tumor size | ||
| Maximum diameter (millimeter) | 30.0 (20.0–48.3)* | |
| Pathological nodal stage | ||
| N0/Nx | 41 | 87.2 |
| N1 | 2 | 4.3 |
| N2 | 4 | 8.5 |
| Pathological metastases stage | ||
| M0/Mx | 43 | 91.5 |
| M1 | 4 | 8.5 |
| Vasoinvasion | ||
| Yes | 11 | 23.3 |
| No | 18 | 38.3 |
| Unknown | 18 | 38.3 |
| Perineural growth | ||
| Yes | 14 | 29.8 |
| No | 15 | 31.3 |
| Unknown | 18 | 38.3 |
| Pathological resection margins | ||
| R0 | 38 | 80.9 |
| R1 | 8 | 17.0 |
| R2 | 1 | 2.1 |
*Median and interquartile range, **Mean and standard deviation
APR abdominoperineal resection, IORT intra-operative radiotherapy, VRAM vertical rectus abdominus muscle, ILND Inguinal lymph node dissection, 5-FU 5-fluorouracil