Table 4.
Simple Cox’s proportional hazard ratio regression model investigating prognostic factors for (A) overall survival (OS), (B) cancer-specific survival (CSS), (C) progression-free survival (PFS), and (D) local recurrence-free survival (RFS).
| A (Overall survival) | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 1.03 | 0.97–1.08 | 0.35 |
| Gender m (ref.) vs. f | 0.92 | 0.28–3.01 | 0.89 |
| Charlson comorbidity grade (age adjusted) 1–2 (ref.) vs. 3–4 | 0.73 | 0.24–2.27 | 0.59 |
| Time of surgery 1995–2005 (ref.) vs. 2006–2012 | 1.86 | 0.65–5.29 | 0.25 |
| History of Non-MIBC No (ref.) vs. yes | 0.54 | 0.19–1.54 | 0.25 |
| Time to PC from primary diagnosis of BC (months) | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.34 |
| Time to PC from primary diagnosis of BC <2 months (ref). vs. >2 months | 1.13 | 0.38–3.33 | 0.83 |
| Lymph node status pN0 (ref.) vs. pN+ | 0.67 | 0.21–2.20 | 0.67 |
| Number of LN dissected (n) | 1.00 | 0.90–1.12 | 0.97 |
| Number of LN dissected ≤10 (ref.) vs. >10 | 1.10 | 0.34–3.54 | 0.88 |
| Extent of PLND Unilateral (ref.) vs. bilateral | 1.47 | 0.40–5.42 | 0.56 |
| Metastatic disease No (ref.) vs. yes | 5.78 | 1.91–17.50 | 0.002 |
| T stage of PC specimen Non-MIBC (ref.) vs. MIBC | 5.23 | 1.04–95.10 | 0.04 |
| Maximum tumour diameter (cm) | 1.24 | 0.88–1.74 | 0.22 |
| Lymphovascular invasion in PC specimen No (ref.) vs. yes | 2.67 | 0.87–8.23 | 0.09 |
| Vascular invasion in PC specimen No (ref.) vs. yes | 5.19 | 1.71–15.72 | 0.004 |
| Soft tissue margin of PC specimen R0 (ref.) vs. R1 | 1.56 | 0.42–5.77 | 0.50 |
| CIS in history or in PC No (ref.) vs. yes | 0.76 | 0.21–2.75 | 0.68 |
| Tumour extension Unilocular (ref.) vs. multilocular | 1.70 | 0.61–4.68 | 0.31 |
| Ureter reimplantation No (ref.) vs. yes | 2.42 | 0.83–7.08 | 0.12 |
| Local recurrence No (ref.) vs. yes | 2.19 | 0.77–6.23 | 0.14 |
| Local recurrence | |||
| No (ref.) vs. Non-MIBC | 1.73 | 0.53–5.64 | 0.36 |
| No (ref.) vs. MIBC | 3.87 | 0.95–15.78 | 0.06 |
| B (Cancer-specific survival) | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
| Age (years) | 0.99 | 0.93–1.06 | 0.86 |
| Gender m (ref.) vs. f | 1.20 | 0.30–4.85 | 0.80 |
| Charlson comorbidity grade (age adjusted) 1–2 (ref.) vs. 3–4 | 0.47 | 0.12–1.74 | 0.26 |
| Time of surgery 1995–2005 (ref.) vs. 2006–2012 | 1.19 | 0.29–4.86 | 0.81 |
| History of Non-MIBC No (ref.) vs. yes | 2.23 | 0.56–8.96 | 0.26 |
| Time to PC from primary diagnosis of BC (months) | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.39 |
| Time to PC from primary diagnosis of BC <2 months (ref). vs. >2 months | 0.61 | 0.16–2.31 | 0.47 |
| Lymph node status pN0 (ref.) vs. pN+ | 1.11 | 0.22–5.51 | 0.90 |
| Number of LN dissected (n) | 1.02 | 0.90–1.15 | 0.81 |
| Number of LN dissected ≤10 (ref.) vs. >10 | 1.44 | 0.36–5.81 | 0.61 |
| Extent of PLND Unilateral (ref.) vs. bilateral | 0.74 | 0.18–3.10 | 0.68 |
| Metastatic disease No (ref.) vs. yes | 16.55 | 2.05–133.73 | 0.008 |
| T stage of PC specimen Non-MIBC (ref.) vs. MIBC | 307349623 | 1.65 – inf. | 0.02 |
| Maximum tumour diameter (cm) | 1.31 | 0.83–2.08 | 0.25 |
| Lymphovascular invasion in PC specimen No (ref.) vs. yes | 2.48 | 0.59–10.47 | 0.22 |
| Vascular invasion in PC specimen No (ref.) vs. yes | 6.52 | 1.52–27.92 | 0.01 |
| Soft tissue margin of PC specimen R0 (ref.) vs. R1 | 0.73 | 0.09–6.05 | 0.77 |
| CIS in history or in PC No (ref.) vs. yes | 0.37 | 0.05–2.95 | 0.35 |
| Tumour extension Unilocular (ref.) vs. multilocular | 2.56 | 0.68–9.54 | 0.16 |
| Ureter reimplantation No (ref.) vs. yes | 3.72 | 0.98–14.13 | 0.05 |
| Local recurrence No (ref.) vs. yes | 5.41 | 1.12–26.20 | 0.04 |
| Local recurrence | |||
| No (ref.) vs. Non-MIBC | 4.03 | 0.78–23.73 | 0.09 |
| No (ref.) vs. MIBC | 8.06 | 1.34–48.40 | 0.02 |
| C (Progression-free survival) | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
| Age (years) | 0.94 | 0.86–1.03 | 0.18 |
| Gender m (ref.) vs. f | 1.82 | 0.30–10.97 | 0.51 |
| Charlson comorbidity grade (age adjusted) 1–2 (ref.) vs. 3–4 | 0.36 | 0.06–2.19 | 0.36 |
| Time of surgery 1995–2005 (ref.) vs. 2006–2012 | 1.01 | 0.17–6.11 | 0.99 |
| History of Non-MIBC No (ref.) vs. yes | 2.02 | 0.34–12.13 | 0.44 |
| Time to PC from primary diagnosis of BC (months) | 0.99 | 0.93–1.05 | 0.74 |
| Time to PC from primary diagnosis of BC <2 months (ref). vs. >2 months | 0.33 | 0.05–1.99 | 0.23 |
| Lymph node status pN0 (ref.) vs. pN+ | 1.00 | 0.10–9.65 | 0.99 |
| Number of LN dissected (n) | 1.13 | 0.95–1.34 | 0.16 |
| Number of LN dissected ≤10 (ref.) vs. >10 | 4.13 | 0.42–39.96 | 0.22 |
| Extent of PLND Unilateral (ref.) vs. bilateral | 1.23 | 0.13–11.91 | 0.86 |
| T stage of PC specimen Non-MIBC (ref.) vs. MIBC | 329839542 | 2.31 – inf. | 0.005 |
| Maximum tumour diameter (cm) | 1.33 | 0.92–1.93 | 0.13 |
| Lymphovascular invasion in PC specimen No (ref.) vs. yes | 2.49 | 0.70–8.87 | 0.16 |
| Vascular invasion in PC specimen No (ref.) vs. yes | 5.33 | 1.49–19.09 | 0.01 |
| Soft tissue margin of PC specimen R0 (ref.) vs. R1 | 1.10 | 0.23–5.21 | 0.90 |
| CIS in history or in PC No (ref.) vs. yes | 0.29 | 0.04–2.25 | 0.24 |
| Tumour extension Unilocular (ref.) vs. multilocular | 4.53 | 1.32–15.53 | 0.02 |
| Ureter reimplantation No (ref.) vs. yes | 4.50 | 1.30–15.53 | 0.02 |
| D (Local recurrence-free survival) | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
| Age (years) | 0.99 | 0.94–1.05 | 0.77 |
| Gender m (ref.) vs. f | 1.30 | 0.38–4.44 | 0.68 |
| Charlson comorbidity grade (age adjusted) 1–2 (ref.) vs. 3–4 | 0.70 | 0.21–2.30 | 0.55 |
| Time of surgery 1995–2005 (ref.) vs. 2006–2012 | 1.16 | 0.35–3.80 | 0.81 |
| History of Non-MIBC No (ref.) vs. yes | 1.74 | 0.52–5.80 | 0.37 |
| Time to PC from primary diagnosis of BC (months) | 1.03 | 1.01–1.05 | 0.01 |
| Time to PC from primary diagnosis of BC <2 months (ref). vs. >2 months | 0.79 | 0.25–2.50 | 0.69 |
| Lymph node status pN0 (ref.) vs. pN+ | 0.72 | 0.16–3.35 | 0.68 |
| Number of LN dissected (n) | 1.02 | 0.91–1.14 | 0.72 |
| Number of LN dissected ≤10 (ref.) vs. >10 | 1.29 | 0.37–4.48 | 0.69 |
| Extent of PLND Unilateral (ref.) vs. bilateral | 0.51 | 0.15–1.69 | 0.27 |
| T stage of PC specimen Non-MIBC (ref.) vs. MIBC | 335689225 | 2.60 – inf. | 0.003 |
| Maximum tumour diameter (cm) | 1.22 | 0.87–1.72 | 0.25 |
| Lymphovascular invasion in PC specimen No (ref.) vs. yes | 1.13 | 0.24–5.24 | 0.88 |
| Vascular invasion in PC specimen No (ref.) vs. yes | 1.50 | 0.40–5.68 | 0.55 |
| Soft tissue margin of PC specimen R0 (ref.) vs. R1 | 0.51 | 0.07–3.98 | 0.52 |
| CIS in history or in PC No (ref.) vs. yes | 1.07 | 0.29–3.96 | 0.92 |
| Tumour extension Unilocular (ref.) vs. multilocular | 1.13 | 0.36–3.57 | 0.83 |
| Ureter reimplantation No (ref.) vs. yes | 1.87 | 0.58–6.00 | 0.30 |
(HR) hazard ratio, (CI) confidence interval, (m) male, (f) female, (ref.) reference, (vs.) versus, (MIBC) muscle-invasive bladder cancer, (PC) partial cystectomy, (BC) bladder cancer, n (number), (LN) lymph node, (PLND) pelvic lymphadenectomy, (T) tumour, (CIS) carcinoma in situ, (inf.) infinity.