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. 2018 May 24;9:1116. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01116

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Copyright © 2018 Bale, Martiné, Wilson, Behrens, Le Fourn, de Val, Sharma, Tran, Torres, Girod, Ward, Crispin and Wyatt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of adjuvant on elicitation of tier 1 and tier 2 neutralizing antibodies. (A) Comparison of ELISA binding titers in serum from rabbits immunized with BG505 trimers in ISCOMATRIX [BG505 NFL from CHO-M cells] and Adjuplex (BG505 NFL and BG505 SOSIP from 293F cells) adjuvants after the second, third, fourth, and fifth inoculations. The binding titers are statistically equivalent at all the time points tested. (B,C) Comparison of geometric mean of neutralization ID₅₀ titers against tier 2 BG505 T332N and tier 1 SF162, MN, and MW965.26 pseudoviruses at the same bleed points. Relatively higher tier 2 and lower tier 1 neutralization titers were observed with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant than Adjuplex indicating that the quality of immune response depends on the effect of adjuvant on the quaternary structure of the trimers and on the subsequent modulation of immune response.