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. 2018 May 24;9:667. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00667

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Copyright © 2018 Borysiuk, Ostaszewska-Bugajska, Vaultier, Hasenfratz-Sauder and Szal.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Influence of ammonium (NH₄⁺) nutrition on glycolytic enzyme activity and methylglyoxal (MG) levels. Activity of (A) ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase (ATP-dependent PFK), (B) PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase (PPi-dependent PFK), (C) phosphorylating NAD⁺-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD⁺-dependent GAPDH), (D) non-phosphorylating NADP⁺-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD⁺-dependent GAPDH), and (E) triosephosphate isomerase (TPI); and (F) MG levels in leaf tissue of nitrate (NO₃^–)-grown and NH₄⁺-grown plants. ND, not detectable. Values are the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 3–4 biological and 2 technical replicates. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between NO₃^–-grown and NH₄⁺-grown plants are indicated by an asterisk (^∗).