Table 2.
Selection criteria, patient characteristics and demographics.
| Inclusion criteria | |||||
| Paresis of left upper limb | |||||
| Unilateral right-hemispheric stroke | |||||
| Time post-stroke >12 months | |||||
| Premorbid right-hand dominant | |||||
| Exclusion criteria | |||||
| Inability to clearly communicate/understand instructions | |||||
| Mini Mental State exam ≤25 | |||||
| Inability to feed, wash or dress independently | |||||
| Sleep disorder determined through sleep interview | |||||
| AHI or PLMS >15 | |||||
| Neurological or psychiatric comorbidities | |||||
| Seizures 6 months before participation | |||||
| Hemineglect | |||||
| Shift work or jet lag 4 months before participation | |||||
| Regular consumption of recreational drugs | |||||
| Sleep-affecting medication 2 weeks before participation | |||||
| Patient characteristics | Mean ± SD | Range | |||
| Time post-stroke (months) | 26.9 ± 21.7 | 13/108 | |||
| Global SIS score | 80.3 ± 12.4 | 50/100 | |||
| SIS Strength | 65.8 ± 18.6 | 25.0/100.0 | |||
| SIS Memory | 59.6 ± 17.6 | 14.3/85.7 | |||
| SIS Emotion | 62.5 ± 23.7 | 22.2/100.0 | |||
| SIS Communication | 74.4 ± 20.9 | 28.6/100.0 | |||
| SIS ADL | 81.6 ± 20.3 | 40.0/100.0 | |||
| SIS Mobility | 72.3 ± 23.4 | 33.3/100.0 | |||
| SIS Hand Function | 63.7 ± 30.5 | 20.0/100.0 | |||
| SIS Social Participation | 65.7 ± 23.7 | 18.8/100.0 | |||
| Lesion volume*, ml | 26.9 ± 41.0 | 0.8/158 | |||
| Patients | Controls | F /Χ 2 | p-value | η p 2 | |
| sex (m/f) | 13/6 | 14/7 | 0.014 | 0.906 | |
| family status (in relationship/ living alone) | 18/1 | 16/5 | 2.69 | 0.101 | |
| Age | 63.5 ± 8.0 | 59.2 ± 8.6 | 2.57 | 0.117 | 0.063 |
| BMI | 26.9 ± 3.6 | 25.3 ± 4.3 | 1.62 | 0.211 | 0.041 |
| years in education | 10.1 ± 1.6 | 10.4 ± 1.7 | 0.37 | 0.546 | 0.010 |
| PSQI | 6.9 ± 3.1 | 5.1 ± 2.8 | 3.68 | 0.063 | 0.090 |
| BDI | 5.8 ± 5.2 | 3.4 ± 4.1 | 2.64 | 0.113 | 0.065 |
| AHI | 9.8 ± 7.0 | 7.6 ± 7.5 | 0.945 | 0.37 | 0.024 |
| PLMS (SPT) | 12.08 ± 14.78 | 8.04 ± 10.13 | 1.03 | 0.31 | 0.026 |
Abbreviations: SIS = Stroke Impact Scale; ADL = Activities of daily living; AHI = Apopnea-hyponea index; PLMS = Periodic limb movement syndrome; *imaging data of 17 patients were available.