Statistical performance of the renal angina index (RAI) for varying demographic factors. (A–D) The calculators of the RAI with various combinations of different demographic factors. (E) This table shows sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) in various calculators. All RAIs have high sensitivity, specificity, and NPV. Parenthesis denotes 95% confidential intervals (CIs). AUC, area under the curve; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.