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. 2018 Mar 10;4:280–290. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.03.002

Table 1.

Variables included in the four model specifications of the child-health production function.

Model specifications Variables
Model specification 1 Raw model of family income and child behavioural outcome
Model specification 2 Models included family income, standard sociodemographic controls (current age, sex, ethnicity, number of siblings, maternal education, maternal age at child birth, housing tenure) and ‘child’s health endowment’ (birth weight, gestational age, breastfeeding, mother’s smoking and alcohol during pregnancy, child’s longstanding illness)
Model specification 3 Models included the same variables as in model specification 2 with the addition of ‘maternal s psychological distress pattern’
Model specification 4 Models included the same variables as in model specification 3 with the addition of ‘family and external factors’:
  • Family stress and parental investment frameworks (change in mother’s relationship from wave 4 to 5, indicators of routine/structure, discipline measures, indicators of mother’s time spent with the child)

  • Mother’s child-health-related behaviours (mother longstanding illness, smoking and alcohol intake)

  • Older child variables (time spent with friends, time playing sport)