Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and medication adherence status of chronic kidney disease patients
| Variable | Medication adherence |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Medium | Low | ||
| N | 2258 | 570 | 477 | |
| Age | 60.1 (10) | 57.1 (11) | 57.4 (11) | <0.001 |
| Male | 1292 (57) | 288 (50) | 238 (50) | <0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic white | 1034 (45) | 243 (43) | 157 (33) | <0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 915 (41) | 234 (41) | 237 (49) | 0.001 |
| Hispanic | 228 (10) | 68 (12) | 66 (14) | 0.042 |
| Other | 86 (4) | 25 (4) | 20 (4) | 0.788 |
| Annual income < $20,000 | 630 (28) | 172 (30) | 181 (38) | <0.001 |
| Less than high school education | 414 (18) | 108 (19) | 113 (24) | 0.026 |
| Currently married | 1314 (58) | 292 (51) | 226 (48) | <0.001 |
| Health insurance | 2032 (93) | 499 (91) | 407 (89) | 0.003 |
| Current smoking | 263 (12) | 81 (14) | 69 (14) | 0.095 |
| Diabetes | 1122 (50) | 261 (46) | 271 (57) | 0.002 |
| BP > 140/90 | 525 (23) | 139 (24) | 133 (28) | 0.098 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 31.8 (7.4) | 32.4 (7.7) | 34.08 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 801 (35) | 202 (35) | 194 (41) | 0.091 |
| Number of medications per day | 9.39 (4.4) | 9.05 (4.5) | 9.82 (5) | <0.001 |
| Number of antihypertensive agents per day | 2.7 (1.5) | 2.6 (1.5) | 2.8 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| ACE-I/ARB | 1625 (72) | 398 (70) | 329 (69) | 0.381 |
| Antiplatelet agent | 1197 (53) | 269 (47) | 209 (44) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 1408 (62) | 326 (58) | 264 (56) | 0.005 |
| BDI ≥ 11 | 482 (22) | 183 (33) | 183 (39) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.82 (2) | 12.83 (2) | 12.55 (2) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 4.1 (0.4) | 4.0 (0.4) | 4.0 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Calcium | 9.32 (0.50) | 9.31 (0.545) | 9.21 (0.53) | <0.001 |
| Phosphate | 3.68 (0.63) | 3.74 (0.713) | 3.77 (0.67) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol | 178.15 (42) | 187.77 (45) | 187.41 (46) | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol | 96.57 (33) | 104.04 (37) | 104.74 (37) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 6.51 (1.4) | 6.53 (1.5) | 6.69 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| eGFR | 42.3 (15.3) | 42.6 (16) | 40.04 (16.4) | <0.001 |
| Urine protein, g/d, median (IQR) | 0.12 (0.05, 0.55) | 0.15 (0.05, 0.86) | 0.21 (0.05, 1.28) | |
ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory–II; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
Data are given as mean SD or as number (percentage) unless otherwise noted.