Table 3.

Induction of gene expression in cultured RAW264.7 macrophages.

Gene name	Functions	Fold difference (treated versus untreated)	P value (t-test, n = 3)
C4b	Complement component	2.69	0.0155
Cxcl3	Chemokine ligand 3, a chemoattractant for neutrophils	8.45	0.0006
Il23a	Interleukin 23 p19 for memory T cells	−1.56	0.0276
Kng1	Suppressing tumor cell proliferation	13.56	0.0331
Lta (Tnfb)	Lymphotoxin alpha, immunostimulation	2.89	0.0029
Nos2	Nitric oxide synthase 2, producing NO	9.71	0.0061
Tlr1	Toll-like receptor 1, recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns	2.55	0.0038
Tnf	Tumor necrosis factor: inducing cell death	2.89	0.0081
Tnfsf14	TNF (ligand)superfamily, member 14, stimulating T cell proliferation and inducing cell death	2.99	0.0108

RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated in the absence (untreated, culture medium only) or presence of 100 µg/mL of DI product in culture medium (treated) for 24 h. A panel of 84 genes related to “Inflammatory Response and Autoimmunity” was determined using PCR array. Data are presented as a list of gene expression that is statistically changed by extract treatment in four separate experiments.