Table 1.
Natural products that decrease inflammation through NF-κB pathway.
| Natural product | Isolation | Study performed |
|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | Root of plant Curcuma longa | BMDM, mice [19, 20] |
| Ginsenoside Rg5 | Rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer | Macrophage, mice [21] |
| Alpinetin | Roots of Alpinia Katsumadai Hayata | RAW 264.7∗, mice [22] |
| PCA | Major benzoic acid derivative found in vegetables, nuts, brown rice, fruits, and herbal medicines | Mice [23] |
| LicoA | Flavonoid found in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) | RAW 264.7∗, mice [24] |
| Rosmarinic acid | Herbal plants including rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and spearmint (Mentha spicata) | Mice [25] |
| HYSA | Chinese herbal medication, Carthamus Tinctorius L. (safflower) | Mice [26, 27] |
| Linalool | Component of essential oils in several aromatic plants | RAW 264.7∗, mice [28] |
| PA | Pogostemon cablin | Mice [29] |
| Shikonin | Napthoquinone pigment extracted from root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon | Mice [30] |
BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophage; HYSA, hydroxysafflor yellow A; LicoA, licochalcone A; PA, patchouli alcohol; PCA, protocatechuic acid; ∗RAW 264.7, mice macrophage cell line.