. 2018 May 16;2018:2817036. doi: 10.1155/2018/2817036

Table 2.

Effect of aluminum chloride, quercetin, and α-lipoic acid (ALA) treatment on various antioxidant defence indices in the brain of rats.

Experimental groups	Reduced glutathione^a	Glutathione reductase^b	Superoxide dismutase^c	Catalase^d
Control	0.268 ± 0.024	0.062 ± 0.003	1.33 ± 0.14	2.68 ± 0.30
Aluminum chloride	0.135 ± 0.011^∗∗∗	0.035 ± 0.004^∗∗∗	0.90 ± 0.07^∗∗∗	5.52 ± 0.34^∗∗∗
Quercetin	0.243 ± 0.015^∗	0.065 ± 0.005^NS	1.47 ± 0.11^∗	2.28 ± 0.25^∗
Quercetin + aluminum chloride	0.223 ± 0.017^∗∗∗@@@	0.052 ± 0.001^∗∗∗@@@	1.36 ± 0.05^NS	2.68 ± 0.20^NS@@@
α-Lipoic acid	0.258 ± 0.019^NS	0.063 ± 0.004^NS	1.41 ± 0.03^NS	1.97 ± 0.09^∗∗∗
α-Lipoic acid + aluminum chloride	0.223 ± 0.015^∗∗∗@@@	0.056 ± 0.004^∗@@@	1.28 ± 0.04^NS	1.96 ± 0.16^∗∗∗@@@
Quercetin + α-lipoic acid	0.290 ± 0.014^NS	0.062 ± 0.004^NS	1.74 ± 0.19^∗∗∗	2.59 ± 0.26^NS
Quercetin + α-lipoic acid + aluminum chloride	0.247 ± 0.014^NS	0.052 ± 0.001^∗∗∗	1.58 ± 0.05^∗∗∗	2.22 ± 0.22^∗∗

^∗∗∗Significant as compared to control group of rats (p < 0.001). ^∗∗Significant as compared to control group of rats (p < 0.01). ^∗Significant as compared to control group of rats (p < 0.05). ^@@@Significant as compared to AlCl₃ treated group of rats (p < 0.001). ^NSNonsignificant as compared to control (p > 0.05). Comparison between the groups was done using Dunnett's multiple comparison test; ^avalues are expressed as ±mg of reduced glutathione mg protein⁻¹; ^bvalues are expressed as ±millimoles of glutathione reduced min⁻¹mg protein⁻¹; ^cvalues are expressed as ±units mg protein⁻¹. One unit of enzyme was defined as the amount of enzyme which inhibited formazone formation by 50%; ^dvalues are expressed as ± μmole of H₂O₂ dissipated min⁻¹mg protein⁻¹.