Table 2.
Physicochemical parameters of clover and citrus honeys from Egypt.
| Botanical Origin | L* | a* | b* | TDS (mg/L) | Salinity (g/L) | pH | EC (mS/cm) | Ash (g/100g) | Moisture (g/100g) | FA (meq/kg) | LA (meq/kg) | TA (meq/kg) | L/FA | BI | TDS/TA | Total Sugars (°Bx) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clover | 76.14 | −2.65 | 7.56 | 112.2 | 0.108 | 3.38 | 0.224 | 0.048 | 15.50 | 6.50 | 7.35 | 13.85 | 1.13 | 7.53 | 8.10 | 82.60 |
| Clover | 75.88 | −2.85 | 7.76 | 126.2 | 0.120 | 3.61 | 0.252 | 0.064 | 15.95 | 8.00 | 6.05 | 14.05 | 0.76 | 7.64 | 8.98 | 82.55 |
| Clover | 76.05 | −3.07 | 8.34 | 129.4 | 0.124 | 3.49 | 0.259 | 0.068 | 15.55 | 6.50 | 5.95 | 12.45 | 0.92 | 8.22 | 10.39 | 82.85 |
| Clover | 76.72 | −2.79 | 6.93 | 132.6 | 0.126 | 3.46 | 0.265 | 0.072 | 16.25 | 8.00 | 6.15 | 14.15 | 0.77 | 6.46 | 9.37 | 82.20 |
| Clover | 75.7 | −3.06 | 9.42 | 131.0 | 0.124 | 3.4 | 0.263 | 0.071 | 15.50 | 7.00 | 5.85 | 12.85 | 0.84 | 9.82 | 10.19 | 83.00 |
| Clover | 76.69 | −3.65 | 5.88 | 127.2 | 0.120 | 3.31 | 0.254 | 0.066 | 17.05 | 7.50 | 5.90 | 13.40 | 0.79 | 4.20 | 9.49 | 81.10 |
| Clover | 76.45 | −3.9 | 6.98 | 117.6 | 0.112 | 3.27 | 0.235 | 0.055 | 16.75 | 8.00 | 5.75 | 13.75 | 0.72 | 5.48 | 8.55 | 81.60 |
| Clover | 75.88 | −3.14 | 4.83 | 114.7 | 0.109 | 3.26 | 0.228 | 0.051 | 16.80 | 7.00 | 5.95 | 12.95 | 0.85 | 3.32 | 8.86 | 81.55 |
| Clover | 74.28 | −2.55 | 8.90 | 146.0 | 0.140 | 3.78 | 0.298 | 0.091 | 17.45 | 9.50 | 6.45 | 15.95 | 0.68 | 9.77 | 9.15 | 81.00 |
| Clover | 76.45 | −2.26 | 5.40 | 137.7 | 0.127 | 3.5 | 0.275 | 0.078 | 15.55 | 7.00 | 5.75 | 12.75 | 0.82 | 4.91 | 10.80 | 80.75 |
| Clover | 76.68 | −2.29 | 5.40 | 138.4 | 0.129 | 3.41 | 0.276 | 0.078 | 18.00 | 7.50 | 6.95 | 14.45 | 0.93 | 4.86 | 9.58 | 80.20 |
| Clover | 73.82 | −2.61 | 10.96 | 148.6 | 0.140 | 3.48 | 0.296 | 0.090 | 17.35 | 8.50 | 4.65 | 13.15 | 0.55 | 12.87 | 11.30 | 81.10 |
| Clover | 74.15 | −2.71 | 9.33 | 158.2 | 0.150 | 3.51 | 0.314 | 0.100 | 17.25 | 9.00 | 6.10 | 15.10 | 0.68 | 10.26 | 10.48 | 81.10 |
| Clover | 75.13 | −2.85 | 8.51 | 157.4 | 0.144 | 3.50 | 0.307 | 0.096 | 17.35 | 11.00 | 6.00 | 17.00 | 0.55 | 8.79 | 9.26 | 81.00 |
| Clover | 73.23 | −2.23 | 10.22 | 150.5 | 0.142 | 3.46 | 0.300 | 0.092 | 17.85 | 9.00 | 7.05 | 16.05 | 0.78 | 12.24 | 9.38 | 80.55 |
| Average | 75.55 | −2.84 | 7.76 | 135.2 | 0.13 | 3.45 | 0.270 | 0.075 | 16.68 | 8.00 | 6.13 | 14.13 | 0.78 | 7.76 | 9.59 | 81.54 |
| ±SD | 1.15 | 0.48 | 1.86 | 14.71 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.029 | 0.017 | 0.89 | 1.24 | 0.64 | 1.36 | 0.15 | 2.90 | 0.88 | 0.89 |
| Citrus | 74.98 | −4.5 | 11.63 | 134.2 | 0.128 | 3.61 | 0.267 | 0.073 | 17.45 | 8.50 | 5.85 | 14.35 | 0.69 | 11.75 | 9.35 | 80.95 |
| Citrus | 76.1 | −4.85 | 11.78 | 132.6 | 0.127 | 3.48 | 0.253 | 0.065 | 17.55 | 8.50 | 6.70 | 15.20 | 0.79 | 11.44 | 8.72 | 81.55 |
| Citrus | 76.84 | −3.23 | 4.37 | 95.20 | 0.091 | 3.4 | 0.193 | 0.030 | 18.00 | 6.50 | 6.20 | 12.70 | 0.95 | 2.58 | 7.50 | 82.05 |
| Citrus | 77.49 | −3.4 | 4.00 | 90.10 | 0.088 | 3.39 | 0.187 | 0.027 | 17.35 | 7.00 | 5.55 | 12.55 | 0.79 | 1.92 | 7.18 | 82.15 |
| Citrus | 77.79 | −3.56 | 4.18 | 82.10 | 0.078 | 3.43 | 0.164 | 0.014 | 17.25 | 5.00 | 6.15 | 11.15 | 1.23 | 1.99 | 7.36 | 81.80 |
| Citrus | 76.9 | −3.22 | 4.36 | 81.20 | 0.078 | 3.31 | 0.159 | 0.011 | 17.35 | 5.50 | 5.35 | 10.85 | 0.97 | 2.58 | 7.48 | 81.95 |
| Citrus | 77.7 | −3.36 | 3.90 | 94.00 | 0.090 | 3.36 | 0.185 | 0.026 | 17.85 | 6.50 | 5.20 | 11.70 | 0.80 | 1.82 | 8.03 | 82.35 |
| Average | 76.83 | −3.73 | 6.32 | 101.3 | 0.10 | 3.43 | 0.201 | 0.035 | 17.54 | 6.79 | 5.86 | 12.64 | 0.89 | 4.87 | 7.95 | 81.83 |
| ±SD | 1.01 | 0.66 | 3.68 | 22.55 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.042 | 0.024 | 0.28 | 1.35 | 0.53 | 1.62 | 0.18 | 4.61 | 0.81 | 0.46 |
Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in comparison of average values (p < 0.05). SD: standard deviation. Every average is the outcome of three determinations (n = 3) except those of color parameter values (L*, a*, b*) which are the outcome of five determinations (n = 5). TDS = total dissolved solids; EC = electrical conductivity; FA = free acidity; LA = laconic acidity; TA = total acidity; L/FA = lactonic/free acidity ratio; BI = browning index.