Table 1.

Effect of high osmolality vaginal lubricants on tissue viability, barrier integrity, and tissue morphology. Rank ordering of commercially available vaginal lubricants from low to high osmolality as a function tissue damage (reduced membrane integrity, TEER, and structural damage, histology) are shown N = the number of tissues examined. The histology scores were determined as described in the methods.

Category	Treatment	Osmolality (mOsm)	# Tissues (N)	% MTT Viability	% TEER (Ω*cm2)	Histology description	Histology Score
Controls	H2O control	0	6	100 ± 14	100 ± 3	Healthy tissue Minor effects on easily friable apical layers	0
	Culture Medium	290	3	103 ± 9	100 ± 15	Healthy tissue Minor effects on easily friable apical layers	0
	Gynol	1404	10	6 ± 0.2	2–8 ± 0.5	Separation of epithelial layers from porous support layer.	4
Non-Irritant	Aloe Cadabra	118	3	107 ± 15	100 ± 10	Healthy tissue Minor effects on easily friable apical layers	0.3
	Good Clean Love	194	6	117 ± 13	108 ± 27	Healthy tissue Minor effectson easily friable apical layers	0.3
	Preseed	295	3	102.4 ± 21	103 ± 5	Healthy tissue Minor effectson easily friable apical layers	0.3
	Restore	340	2	103 ± 9	97 ± 11	Loss of all apical layers. Basal and parabasal layers intact.	0.5
Irritant	RepHresh	1500	3	103 ± 10	155 ± 28	Loss of apical layers. Basal and parabasal layers mostly intact	1.3
	KY personal lubricant	2200	3	108 ± 8	71 ± 27	Modest effects on easily friable apical surface Basal and parabasal layers mostly intact	1
	ID Glide	2900	3	103 ± 9	58 ± 13	Loss of apical layers. Disorganization of parabasal and basal cell layers.	3
	Astroglide	4500	3	110 ± 18	66 ± 8	Loss of apical layers. Disorganization of parabasal layers.	3
	Ky Warming Jelly	8600	6	100 ± 11	25 ± 1–29 ± 4	Separation of epithelial layers from porous support layer. Cells become pyknotic.	4