. 2018 May 3;10(5):235. doi: 10.3390/v10050235

Table 2.

Compounds with anti-CHIKV action.

Sl No.	Compound	EC₅₀	CC₅₀	Reference
Compounds interfering with CHIKV internalization
1	Chloroquine	17.2 µM	260 µM	[71]
2	Arbidol/Umifenovir	12.2 µM	376 µM	[72,73]
3	tert-Butyl 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-2-((2,6-dichloro phenyl sulfynyl)methyl)-1H-indol-3-carboxylate	30 ± 4 µM	397 ± 24 µM	[74]
4	tert-Butyl 5-(hydroxyl methyl)-1-methyl-2-((2-trifluoromethyl phenyl sulfynyl) methyl)-1H-indol-3-carboxylate	32 ± 1.1 µM (Vero cells)	>468 µM (MTS/PMS)	[74]
5	Chlorpromazine	NR	NR	[69]
6	EGCG	NR	NR	[75]
7	FL3(Flavagline)	22.4 nM(HEK293T)	118.77nM(MTT)	[76]
8	Mefenamic acid	13μM(VeroE6)	>100 μM(MTT)	[66]
9	Meclofenamic acid	18 μM(VeroE6)	>100 μM(MTT)	[66]
10	U18666A	NR	NR	[77]
11	Imipramine	NR	NR	[77]
12	Curcumin	3.89 μM(Hela, BHK21, VeroE6)	11.6 μM(Trypan blue)	[78]
13	Demethoxycurcumin	0.89μM (Hela, BHK21, VeroE6)	13.2 μM(Trypan blue)	[78]
Compounds inhibiting CHIKV genome replication
14	Andrographolide	77 µM	1098 µM (MTT Almarblue assay),	[79]
15	Ribavirin	341.1 µM	30.7 mM	[80]
16	Mycophenolic acid	0.1 µM (VeroE6)	30 µM (MTT)	[81]
17	6-Azauridine	0.2 μg/mL (VeroE6)	51 μg/mL (Trypan blue)	[82]
18	Favipiravir	5.9 ± 3.3 µM (VeroE6)	NR	[83]
19	T-1105	2.8 ± 0.3 (Vero E6)	NR	[83]
20	Suramin	8.8–28.9 µM (VeroE6, BHK21)	700 µM (MTS)	[84]
Compounds inhibiting CHIKV protein translation
21	Harringtonine	0.24 µM (BHK21)	NR	[85]
Compounds targeting host factors to inhibit CHIKV
22	dec-RVKR-cmk	NR	NR	[62]
23	Prostratin	5.7µM (VeroE6)	NR	[86]
24	12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate	2.9 nM (Vero Cells)	5.7 µM (MTT)	[86]
25	12-O-decanoyl-7-hydroperoxy-phorbol-5-ene-13-acetate	NR	NR	[87]
26	Debromoaplysiatoxin	1.3 µM (STCRH30)	13.9 µM (Almar Blue)	[88]
27	3-methoxy debromoaplysiatoxin	2.7 µM (STCRH30)	24.8 µM (AlmarBlue)	[88]
28	Phorbol-12, 13-didecanoate	6.0 ± 0.9 μM	NR	[89]
29	Bryostatin-21	2.2 μM	>50 μM	[90]
30	2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-N-[4-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide	2.2 µM (HuH7)	>50 µM (Resazurin)	[91]
31	Geldanamycin	NR	NR	[43]
32	Bafilomycin	0.33 nM (HEK293T	0.003 µM (WST-1 assay)	[92]
33	Pimozide	0.28 μM(HEK293T)	19.18 μM (WST-1 assay)	[92]
34	5-tetradecyloxy-2-furoic acid	0.15 μM (HEK293T)	>60 μM(WST-1 assay)	[92]
35	Cerulenin	3 µM (HEK293T)	7.57 µM (WST-1 assay)	[92]
36	Tivozanib	0.8 μM (HEK293T)	8.34 μM(WST-1 assay)	[92]
37	Anacardic acid	0.58 μM (HEK293T)	2.68 μM(WST-1 assay)	[92]
38	16F16	6.6 μM (HEK293T)	8.9 μM (Almarblue assay)	[93]
39	PACMA31	12.1 μM (HEK293T)	12.2 μM (Almarblue assay)	[93]
40	Auranofin	27.0 μM (HEK293T)	31.1 μM (Almarblue assay)	[93]
41	EN460	1.0 μM (HEK293T)	1.6 μM (Almarblue assay)	[93]
Compound with unknown CHIKV target
42	Lupenone	77 µM (Vero)	>235 µM	[86]
43	β-amyrone	86 (Vero)		[86]
44	Jatropha ester	0.76 ± 0.14 µM	159 µM	[94]
45	Trigocherrin A	1.5 ± 0.6 µM (VeroE6)	35 ± 8 µM	[95]
46	Trigocherrin B	2.6 ± 0.7 µM (VeroE6)	93 ± 3 µM	[95]
47	Apigenin	70.8 µM	>200 µM	[69]
48	5-Ethyl-3-(3′-isopropoxyphenyl)-3H-[1,2,3] triazolo [4,5-d]-pyrimidin-7(6H)-one	3 ± 1 µM (VeroE6)	>668 µM	[38]
49	2-Oxo-4-([(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)thio]methyl)-2H-chromen-7-yl4-methylbenzenesulfonate	10.2 µM (VeroE6)	117 µM	[96]
50	5-[(2-Methylphenyl)-methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one	0.42 μM(VeroE6)	>100 μM	[97]
51	MBZM-N-IBT	38.68 µM (S27),58.33 µM (DRDE-06) (VeroE6)	>800 μM	[52]
52	Abamectin	1.5 ± 0.6 µM (BHK21)	28.2 ± 1.1 µM	[98]
53	Ivermectin	0.6 ± 0.1 µM (BHK21)	37.9 ± 7.6 µM	[98]
54	Berberin	1.8 ± 0.5 µM (BHK21)	>100 µM	[98]
55	5-chloro-N-{4-[(1E)-1-{2-[(2-phenylcyclopropyl) carbonyl] hydrazinylidene} ethyl] phenyl} thiophene-2-carboxamide	1.5 μM	>200 μM	[62]
56	ID1452-2	NR	NR	[99]

NR: Not reported, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTS: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, WST: water-soluble tetrazolium salts.