Table 2.
Results of unadjusted logistic regression analyses of the association of number of medications in each category and fall and fracture at study entry a
| Medication type | Fall OR (95%CI) |
Fracture OR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Each additional overall medication b | 1.12 (1.05, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.13) |
| Each additional non-antiretroviral medication | 1.13 (1.06, 1.20) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) |
| Each additional sedating medication c | 1.36 (1.14, 1.62) | 1.11 (0.89, 1.38) |
| Each additional non-sedating medication c | 1.05 (0.98, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.14) |
| Any opioid (sedating) medication d | 1.31 (0.64, 2.67) | 1.02 (0.37, 2.91) |
| Any non-opioid sedating medication d | 2.89 (1.06, 7.85) | 13.09 (2.77, --) e |
| Any opioid for addiction treatment f | 1.43 (0.66, 3.07) | 1.46 (0.49, 4.20) |
| Any opioid for pain f | 1.03 (0.45, 2.35) | 0.43 (0.07, 1.64) |
Separate unadjusted logistic regression models examining the association of the number of medications in each category and each outcome (fall or fracture) at study entry. Bolded numbers indicate statistically significant association (p<0.05). Results of adjusted models for were not different in magnitude, direction, or significance (see Appendix). Adjusted models included demographic data (age, sex, and race/ethnicity); medical comorbidity, physical functioning score, recent (past 30 day) use of the following: heavy alcohol (for men: > 14 drinks in a week or 5+ drinks in a day; for women: >7 drinks in a week or 4+ drinks in a day), cocaine, illicit opioids (includes prescription opioid misuse); and illicit sedatives. Drug use measures were assessed by Addiction Severity Index.
Includes only systemically active medications
Results of one model to examine whether the effect of the number of overall medications on the risk of fall or fracture is due to the prescription of sedating and/or non-sedating medications
Results of one model to examine whether the effect of the number of sedating medications on fall or fracture risk is due to prescription of an opioid and/or non-opioid sedating medication
The upper confidence interval could not be calculated due to the small number of events i.e. no participant with a past-year fracture was not prescribed at least one non-opioid sedating medication.
Results of one model to confirm that the effect of an opioid medication was not different based upon whether the opioid medication may have been prescribed for addiction treatment (buprenorphine or methadone) or for pain