Table 4.
Logistic Regression Analysis of Characteristics of Informal Caregivers With Regard to Perceiving a High Burden.
| Independent variables | High burden among adults (n = 3067) |
High burden among senior caregivers (n = 1936) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model pseudo R2 = 0.302 |
Model pseudo R2 = 0.361 |
|||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Background variables | ||||
| Age | ||||
| 25-39 vs 17-24 | 1.33 | (0.57-3.11) | ||
| 40-54 vs 17-24 | 3.03 | (1.31-7.01)*** | ||
| 55-64 vs 17-24 | 1.90 | (0.75-4.81) | ||
| 75-79 vs 65-74 | 1.08 | (0.70-1.69) | ||
| 80+ vs 65-74 | 0.69 | (0.15-3.08) | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Female vs male | 1.50 | (1.02-2.22)** | 0.90 | (0.58-1.40) |
| Education | ||||
| Intermediate II vs high | 0.63 | (0.42-0.97)** | 0.49 | (0.26-0.93)** |
| Intermediate I vs high | 0.49 | (0.31-0.77)** | 0.55 | (0.30-1.02) |
| Low vs high | 0.59 | (0.14-2.46) | 0.65 | (0.33-1.29) |
| Financial difficulties | ||||
| Yes vs no | 1.10 | (0.77-1.56) | 1.04 | (0.60-1.79) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married vs married | 1.41 | (0.72-2.75) | 1.20 | (0.33-4.43) |
| Divorced vs married | 1.10 | (0.65-1.87) | 1.14 | (0.35-3.66) |
| Widowed vs married | 2.57 | (1.10-6.04)*** | 0.69 | (0.26-1.84) |
| Contacts with family | ||||
| <Once a week vs ≥once a week | 0.97 | (0.51-1.82) | ||
| Contacts with friends | ||||
| <Once a week vs ≥once a week | 1.06 | (0.75-1.51) | ||
| Contacts with neighbors | ||||
| <Once a week vs ≥once a week | 0.76 | (0.53-1.09) | ||
| Network type | ||||
| Family-dependent vs locally integrated | 1.27 | (0.75-2.15) | ||
| Local self-contained vs locally integrated | 0.84 | (0.47-1.50) | ||
| Focused on wider community vs locally integrated | 0.67 | (0.21-2.12) | ||
| Private restricted vs locally integrated | 0.73 | (0.29-1.86) | ||
| Relationship variables | ||||
| Practical support | ||||
| Yes vs no | 1.23 | (0.83-1.82) | 1.10 | (0.52-2.32) |
| Personal and medical care support | ||||
| Yes vs no | 2.13 | (1.43-3.18)** | 1.88 | (1.22-2.90)** |
| Emotional support | ||||
| Yes vs no | 1.01 | (0.56-1.83) | 1.73 | (1.13-2.76)** |
| Recipient 1 | ||||
| Partner: yes vs no | 1.28 | (0.73-2.25) | 1.29 | (0.54-3.08) |
| Recipient 2 | ||||
| Child: yes vs no | 1.45 | (0.88-2.37) | 1.57 | (0.66-3.77) |
| Recipient 3 | ||||
| Parents (-in-law): yes vs no | 1.28 | (0.83-1.99) | 2.72 | (0.96-7.72) |
| Recipient 4 | ||||
| Other family members: yes vs no | 0.86 | (0.51-1.44) | 1.72 | (0.72-4.11) |
| Recipient 5 | ||||
| Neighbors, friends: yes vs no | 0.54 | (0.28-1.02) | 0.53 | (0.25-1.11) |
| Hours per week | ||||
| 6-15 hours vs 1-5 hours | 2.60 | (1.75-3.86)*** | 2.02 | (1.04-3.93)** |
| >16 hours vs 1-5 hours | 5.41 | (3.29-8.89)**** | 6.27 | (3.13-12.55)**** |
| Duration | ||||
| >3 months vs <3 months | 0.98 | (0.49-1.95) | 2.16 | (0.72-6.50) |
| Roles, physical health, mental health of the caregiver | ||||
| Families with children at home | ||||
| Yes vs no | 1.30 | (0.88-1.91) | 0.67 | (0.24-1.86) |
| Employment status | ||||
| Employed vs not currently employed | 1.01 | (0.67-1.52) | 1.68 | (0.74-3.84) |
| Perceived health status | ||||
| (very) bad vs (very) good | 1.41 | (0.98-2.02) | 1.34 | (0.80-2.23) |
| Experience of depressive symptoms | ||||
| Moderate vs none or low | 1.45 | (0.93-2.26) | 3.24 | (1.94-5.41)*** |
| High vs none or low | 3.15 | (1.66-5.97)*** | 5.79 | (2.40-14.00)**** |
| Loneliness | ||||
| Moderate vs none | 1.76 | (1.11-2.80)** | 1.38 | (0.85-2.22) |
| (very) severe vs none | 2.21 | (1.23-3.96)** | 2.28 | (1.23-4.21)** |
| Coping variables | ||||
| Sense of mastery | ||||
| Yes vs no | 0.73 | (0.25-2.15) | 0.36 | (0.15-0.86)*** |
| Sense of self-management | ||||
| Moderate vs low | 0.95 | (0.41-1.28) | ||
| High vs low | 1.18 | (0.62-2.23) | ||
Note. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
*
Small (OR < 1.5). **Moderate (OR 1.5 ≤ 2.5). ***Strong (OR 2.5 ≤ 4.0). ****Very strong (OR > 4.0).