Table 4.

Outcome of clinical studies involving intake of pomegranate juice or peel hydro alcoholic extract.

Type of the study/Number of probands	Clinical outcome	References
Daily consumption of pomegranate juice for 2 weeks by hypertensive patients (N = 10)	Reduction in ACE activity by 36% and of a systolic blood pressure by 5%	Aviram and Dornfeld, 2001
A long-duration intake of pomegranate juice (for 3 years) by patients with carotid artery stenosis (N = 19)	Reduction in systolic blood pressure by 12%, decrease in common carotid intima-media thickness up to 30%	Aviram et al., 2004
A 4-week consumption of pomegranate juice by healthy women (N = 51)	A mild, but significant reduction in blood pressure (without significantly changing serum ACE activity)	Lynn et al., 2012
Intake of pomegranate juice by hypersensitive men (N = 13)	Decrease in blood pressure while other parameters (serum concentrations of CRP, E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and IL-6) remain unchanged	Asgary et al., 2013
Consumption of pomegranate juice by hypertensive patients (N = 21)	Significant reduction in systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure	Asgary et al., 2014
Intake of pomegranate peel hydro alcoholic extract by obese women with dyslipidemia (N = 38)	Significant reduction in systolic blood pressure	Haghighian et al., 2016
A meta-analysis focusing on effects of pomegranate consumption on CRP	No significant correlation between pomegranate consumption and CRP levels	Sahebkar et al., 2016
A meta-analysis focusing on blood pressure lowering effects of intake of pomegranate juice	Decrease in systolic blood pressure levels (regardless of the duration and dose of the juice consumed in the evaluated studies). A borderline significant effect in reducing of diastolic blood pressure by doses higher than 240 cc (eight ounces)	Sahebkar et al., 2017