Table 1.
Examples of synchrotron and XFEL sources for serial crystallography methods
| Diamond light source | XFELs (~ 50 fs pulse duration) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beamline | I04 | I24 | VMXi | Eu.XFEL | LCLS-II | SACLA | SwissFEL | PAL XFEL |
| Photons/time | 5 × 1011 (s−1) |
3 × 1012 (s− 1) |
> 1014 a (s− 1) |
~ 1012 (pulse− 1) |
≥ 1012 (pulse− 1) |
2 × 1011 (pulse− 1) |
~ 7 × 1011 (pulse− 1) |
2 × 1011 (pulse− 1) |
| Beam size (μm2) | ~ 10 × 5 | ~ 5 × 5 | ≤ 5 × 5 | < 1–10 × 10 | < 1–3 × 3 | 1.3 × 1.3 | < 3 × 3 | < 3 × 3 |
| Detector/pulse (Hz) | 25–100 (750) b | 25–100 | 750 b | 27,000 c | 120– 10 6 d | 60 | 100 | 60 |
aUsing a double multilayer monochromator (double crystal monochromator DCM > 2 × 1012 ph/s)
bDectris Eiger 4 M or region of interest within Eiger 16 M
c2700 pulses in a 600-μs train (4.5 MHz) at 10 Hz
dLCLS-II (~ 2020, soft X-rays at 106, hard at 120 Hz) and LCLS-II-HE (~ 2022, soft and hard X-rays at 106 Hz)