Table 1.

Types of modifiers defined with examples.

Modifier category	N defined	Universal	Sx specific	Sub-types
Neutral	74	25	49	admission (“admitted with…”),history (“chronic…”), wrongcontext (“fecal urgency”), other cause (“menses” near hematuria)
Absent	20	19	1	direct (“denied…”), indirect (“no c/o of…”)
Present	91	87	4	direct (“complains of…”), indirect (“persistent…”), problem list (“#…”)