Fig. 7.

Photomicrograph of kidney sections: (A) Control group and (B) Group of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) treated rats showing normal cortical architecture with normal glomerulus (G), proximal convoluted tubules (P), distal convoluted tubules (D). (C1 & C2) Sections in kidney tissue of thalidomide and carboplatin -treated group showing shrunken glomeruli (G) with the capsular space, degenerative changes in the epithelial cells lining the renal tubules with pyknotic nuclei (yellow square & black arrows), vacuolization (green arrows) and tubular lumen with cellular debris & congestion (blue dotted arrows). Histological alterations induced after thalidomide and carboplatin treatment were markedly reduced in the combination group (D) thalidomide, carboplatin + GSPE treated rats showing moderate improvement in kidney tissue. (H. & E. 400 X).