Figure 9.

Example of SiNW FET sensor in environmental monitoring. (a) Response of an APTES-functionalized p-type SiNW FET when exposed to different concentrations of TNT of and a reference solution: (A) 500 fM; (B) 5 pM; (C) 5 nM; (D) 75 nM; (E) 100 nM; (F) 500 nM; and (G) 5 mM. (b) Real-time measurement of TNT (5 μM) in 0.1% DMSO/H₂O solution in three different devices (black, red and blue curve). The decrease and increase of the nanowire conductance are regulated by adding TNT and reference solution, respectively. The black dash box indicates the time to reach the sensing plateau. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [177], Copyright (2010), Wiley. (c) SiNW FETs for the detection of heavy metals through oligopeptide clusters: Cluster 0, aldehyde modified SiNWs; Cluster 1, oligopeptides specific for Pb²⁺; and Cluster 2, oligopeptides specific for Cu²⁺. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [180], Copyright (2009), Elsevier.