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The proportion of item usage in different periods for α3, GDI, and J = 20.
Note. GDI = G-DINA model discrimination index; G-DINA = generalized DINA; DINA = deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate; DINO = deterministic input, noisy “or” gate; A-CDM = additive CDM; CDM = cognitive diagnosis model.
