TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the 200 patients included in the PneumOLD-CT study at baseline
| Characteristic# | n (%) | Median (IQR) |
| Age years | 84.0 (78.6–90.2) | |
| ≥85 years old | 93 (46.5) | |
| Female | 98 (49.0) | |
| Nursing home residents | 28 (14.0) | |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 24.5 (21.5–28.6) | |
| Mini mental state examination score (N=162) | 24 (19–27) | |
| Mini nutritional assessment (N=178) | 8 (6–11) | |
| Functional independence measure score (N=171) | 69 (50–97) | |
| Influenza vaccination within the past year (N=182) | 103 (56.6) | |
| Pneumococcal vaccination within the past 5 years (N=177) | 7 (4.0) | |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Hospitalisation during the past 6 months | 70 (35) | |
| Chronic cardiac disease | 103 (51.5) | |
| COPD | 35 (17.5) | |
| Kidney disease (N=199) | 60 (30.2) | |
| Liver disease | 11 (5.5) | |
| Neoplasia | 17 (8.5) | |
| Smoking (past and present) | 100 (50.0) | |
| History of stroke | 33 (16.5) | |
| Cognitive disorders¶ | 66 (33.0) | |
| Swallowing disorders+ | 28 (14.0) | |
| Poor oral hygiene§ | 38 (19.0) | |
| Immunosuppressive treatment (N=199)f | 15 (7.5) | |
| Clinical characteristics of pneumonia | ||
| Type of pneumonia | ||
| Community-acquired pneumonia | 162 (81.0) | |
| Nursing home-acquired pneumonia | 22 (11.0) | |
| Hospital-acquired pneumonia (>72 h after hospitalisation) | 16 (8.0) | |
| Bronchoaspiration (N=161)## | 12 (7.5) | |
| Temperature ≥38.0 °C | 116 (58.0) | |
| Cough | 170 (85.0) | |
| Dyspnoea | 145 (72.5) | |
| Sputum production | 74 (37.0) | |
| Chest pain | 35 (17.5) | |
| Crackles | 171 (85.5) | |
| Decrease in respiratory sounds | 51 (25.5) | |
| Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2 <90% on admission) | 102 (51.0) | |
| Respiratory rate >20 per min on admission | 143 (71.5) | |
| Delirium | 92 (46.0) | |
| Fall | 71 (35.5) | |
| CURB-65 score¶¶ | ||
| 1 | 36 (18.0) | |
| 2 | 75 (37.5) | |
| 3 | 68 (34.0) | |
| 4 | 21 (10.5) | |
| Fine score | 102 (89–123) |
Laboratory values and vital signs were obtained at hospital admission. IQR: interquartile range; BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SpO2: arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry. #: the number of patients (N) is 200 unless otherwise stated; ¶: cognitive disorders were diagnosed after a cognitive consultation (at least clinical dementia rating (CDR) 1 dementia); +: swallowing disorders were observed during the hospitalisation; §: oral hygiene was defined as good, medium or poor; f: immunosuppressive treatment means that patient is under prednisone during more than 15 days or other immunosuppressive drugs; ##: bronchoaspiration was defined by the clinician according to usual definition; ¶¶: CURB-65 is a pneumonia severity score taking into account various factors (confusion, urea >7 mmol·L−1, respiratory rate ≥30 breaths·min−1, blood pressure <90 mmHg (systolic) or ≤60 mmHg (diastolic), age ≥65 years).