Table 3. Baseline clinical characteristics and practices during pregnancy of study participants.
| Maternal clinical characteristics (n = 256) | N(%) or Mean±SD |
| Parity | |
| Primiparous | 60(23.4) |
| Multiparous | 196(76.6) |
| Pre-gestational BMI (Kg/m2) | |
| Underweight | 11(4.3) |
| Normal Weight | 93(36.3) |
| Overweight | 76(29.7) |
| Obese | 76(29.7) |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | |
| Systolic blood pressure | 113.7±10.5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 66.1±8.5 |
| GDM | |
| Yes | 49(19.2) |
| No | 207(80.8) |
| Practices during pregnancy (n = 259) | N(%) |
| Smoking | |
| Non-smoker | 249(97.3) |
| Smoker | 7(2.7) |
| Smoking among family members | |
| Husband | 94(36.7) |
| Other family member | 11(4.3) |
| Physical activity (METs) | |
| Low intensity activity | 137(53.5) |
| Moderate intensity activity | 59(23.1) |
| High intensity activity | 31(12.1) |
| No physical activity | 29(11.3) |
| Vitamin/mineral supplements | |
| Yes | 218(85.2) |
| No | 38(14.8) |
BMI: body mass index; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; MET: metabolic equivalents