Table 3. Association of personality disorders with urban stressors in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area, adjusted for sex, age and all urban stressors simultaneously.
| Cluster A | Cluster B | Cluster C | Any personality disorder | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Urbanicity | ||||
| Rural areas | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Small town | 1.1 (0.4–3.1) | 1.3 (0.5–3.6) | 1.1 (0.4–2.8) | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) |
| Large cities | 1.2 (0.4–3.8) | 0.9 (0.2–3.6) | 0.8 (0.3–2.5) | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) |
| Migration status | ||||
| Non-migrants | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Migrants | 1.2 (0.5–3.4) | 1.0 (0.2–3.9) | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) | 1.1 (0.5–2.6) |
| Neighborhood Social Deprivation | ||||
| No-low NSD | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Low-medium/medium NSD | 1.0 (0.4–2.9) | 0.9 (0.3–2.6) | 1.1 (0.5–2.5) | 1.1 (0.4–2.9) |
| High/very high NSD | 1.3 (0.6–3.1) | 1.3 (0.4–4.2) | 1.4 (0.6–3.0) | 1.4 (0.5–4.0) |
| Number of crime-related traumatic events | ||||
| 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 1 | 1.6 (0.7–3.5) | 1.3 (0.6–3.1) | 2.0 (1.0–3.9) | 1.5 (0.8–3.0) |
| 2 | 2.3 (0.8–6.8) | 2.2 (0.7–7.2) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 1.7 (0.6–4.3) |
| 3 or more | 3.8 (0.9–16.6) | 5.1 (1.8–14.7)** | 3.5 (1.5–8.5)** | 3.3 (1.6–7.0)** |
OR (95% CI): Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
* p < .05
**p < .01
***p < .001