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OsMPK4 mediates SSB-induced JA, JA-Ile, ethylene, and SA accumulation. Mean levels (+SE, n = 5) of JA (a), JA-Ile (b), ethylene (c), and SA (d) in oe-MPK4 lines and wild-type (WT) plants that were individually infested by a third-instar SSB larva. Asterisks indicate significant differences in oe-MPK4 lines compared to WT plants (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01, Student’s t-tests). FW, fresh weight.
