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Effect of maternal and post-weaning high-fructose (HFR), post-weaning high-fat (HFA) intake, and metformin (M) on mRNA expression of (A) Renin (Ren); (B) Prorenin receptor (C) Angiotensinogen; (D) Angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 (ACE1); and (E) Angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) in male offspring kidneys at 12 weeks of age. * p < 0.05 vs. ND/ND, # p < 0.05 vs. HFR/ND, † p < 0.05 vs. ND/HFA, ‡ p < 0.05 vs. HFR/HFA.
