Table 1.
Measures of body and organ weights, blood pressures, and functional parameters in 12-week-old male offspring exposed to maternal high fructose intake, post-weaning high-fat diet, and metformin.
| Groups | ND/ND | HFR/ND | ND/HFA | HFR/HFA | HFR/HFA+M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| BW (g) | 413 ± 11 | 398 ± 10 | 489 ± 12 a,b | 407 ± 13 c | 418 ± 15 c |
| Left kidney weight (g) | 1.57 ± 0.1 | 1.68 ± 0.05 | 2.02 ± 0.04 a,b | 1.7 ± 0.06 a | 1.5 ± 0.08 c,d |
| Left kidney weight/100 g BW | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.42 ± 0.01 a | 0.41 ± 0.02 a | 0.43 ± 0.02 a | 0.36 ± 0.01 b,c,d |
| Liver weight (g) | 16.8 ± 1 | 15.5 ± 0.7 | 19.2 ± 1 | 17.2 ± 0.8 | 15.9 ± 1.3 |
| Liver weight/100 g BW | 4.12 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.12 | 3.92 ± 0.16 | 4.22 ± 0.16 | 3.78 ± 0.18 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 98 ± 1 | 104 ± 1 a | 107 ± 2 a | 119 ± 3 a,b,c | 98 ± 3 b,c,d |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 16.0 ± 0.8 | 16.7 ± 0.2 | 25.5 ± 0.2 a.b | 21.9 ± 0.6 a,b | 13.6 ± 0.6 c,d |
| Uric acid | 73.5 ± 3.1 | 86.3 ± 2.7 | 76.5 ± 2.9 | 93.3 ± 3.4 a | 36.2 ± 1.6 a,b,c,d |
HFR/ND, maternal high-fructose intake; ND/HFA, post-weaning high-fat intake; HFR/HFA, maternal high-fructose plus post-weaning high-fat intake; HFR/HFA+M, maternal high-fructose plus post-weaning high-fat intake and treated with metformin. BW, body weight; n = 8/group; a p < 0.05 vs. ND/ND; b p < 0.05 vs. HFR/ND; c p < 0.05 vs. ND/HFA; d p < 0.05 vs. HFR/HFA.