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. 2018 Mar 27;19(4):994. doi: 10.3390/ijms19040994

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Osteoclast (OC) function is induced by repetitive exposure to 26 Hz ELF-PEMF but not 16 Hz ELF-PEMF. To investigate the effect of the two specific ELF-PEMFs (16 and 26 Hz) on OC function, we differentiated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (N = 6, n = 3) to OCs. Following differentiation, OCs were exposed to the two ELF-PEMFs for 7 min each day. TRAP staining and activity was performed, not only to confirm the phenotype of generated OCs, but also to assess the effect of ELF-PEMFs exposure on their function. Thus, after the 5th exposure (day 5) (a) mitochondrial activity (resazurin conversion) and (b) Trap5B activity were measured. (c) Trap5B staining was performed to visualize OCs (100× magnification). ° p < 0.05 as indicated. Scale bar = 400 μm.